A cyst is a closed sac-like structure that forms within body tissues, containing fluid, air, or other substances. These can appear almost anywhere on the body and vary in size. An infected cyst occurs when bacteria enter this sac, typically through a break in the skin or if the cyst ruptures internally. This bacterial invasion triggers an immune response, leading to inflammation and the collection of pus.
Identifying an Infected Cyst and When to Seek Medical Attention
Common physical signs of infection include redness and warmth around the cyst. The area may also exhibit swelling that can increase rapidly, accompanied by pain or tenderness that worsens with touch. Pus or other discharge, which might have a foul odor, can also be present. More severe infections can lead to systemic symptoms such as fever or a general feeling of being unwell.
Seek medical attention if a cyst shows any of these signs of infection. Immediate medical help is particularly important if there is rapidly increasing pain or swelling, redness spreading across the skin, or if a fever, chills, or flu-like symptoms develop. Cysts located near the eyes, nose, or in the “danger triangle” of the face, or those in the neck or throat that could compromise airways, also warrant urgent care due to potential serious complications.
Professional Medical Treatments
Medical intervention is often necessary for an infected cyst. Incision and Drainage (I&D) is the recommended treatment for an infected or abscessed cyst. This procedure involves making a small incision in the cyst to drain the accumulated pus and fluid, providing immediate relief from pain and pressure. The area is typically numbed with a local anesthetic before the incision is made, and sometimes a small wick or packing material is placed to allow for continued drainage as the wound heals from the inside out.
Antibiotics are frequently prescribed when there is evidence of a bacterial infection, such as significant surrounding cellulitis or systemic symptoms like fever. They help to reduce inflammation and combat the bacterial presence. It is important to complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully cleared and to prevent antibiotic resistance. While antibiotics can address the infection, they may not resolve the cyst itself, especially if the cyst sac remains.
Surgical excision involves the complete removal of the cyst, including its sac or wall. This procedure is often considered after the acute infection has subsided, as excising an inflamed cyst can be more challenging and may increase the risk of recurrence or complications. This can be performed under local anesthesia, and the incision is then closed with stitches.
Managing Recovery and Preventing Recurrence
Proper post-treatment care is important for healing and preventing complications. If an incision and drainage procedure was performed, keeping the wound clean and dry is necessary. This often involves gently washing the area with mild soap and water once or twice daily, as directed by a healthcare provider. Dressings should be changed regularly, typically once a day or if they become wet or dirty, to maintain cleanliness and support healing. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage discomfort, and any prescribed antibiotic ointments or oral antibiotics should be used as directed.
Several strategies can minimize future cyst formation or infection. Maintaining good skin hygiene is foundational, which includes regular washing with mild soap to remove bacteria, sweat, and oil buildup. Thoroughly drying the skin, especially in areas prone to moisture, helps prevent an environment where bacteria can thrive. Avoiding tight clothing that can create friction and pressure, and managing excessive sweating, can also reduce the risk of irritation and cyst development. Additionally, avoid squeezing or picking at cysts, as this can introduce bacteria and lead to infection or rupture.