When illness strikes, altering or losing your voice is a common symptom. This phenomenon, known as dysphonia (hoarseness) or aphonia (complete voice loss), results from changes in the structures responsible for voice production. This article explores the mechanisms behind these vocal changes.
Understanding Your Voice Box
Voice production originates in the larynx, located at the top of your windpipe. Inside are your vocal cords, two folds of tissue. Normally, these vocal cords open for breathing, then close and vibrate rapidly as air from the lungs passes through them to create sound. This vibration determines your voice’s pitch and quality. The larynx contains various muscles that coordinate to position the vocal folds and adjust their tension.
Common Illnesses That Affect Your Voice
Voice changes are associated with illnesses, particularly those affecting the upper respiratory tract. The most common is acute laryngitis, an inflammation of the voice box. Viral infections, such as the common cold and flu, are the primary cause, leading to symptoms like sore throat and a persistent cough. Less common bacterial infections can also trigger laryngitis. Additionally, acid reflux, allergies, and prolonged coughing can irritate the vocal cords and contribute to voice issues.
What Happens to Your Vocal Cords
Inflammation caused by infections directly impacts your vocal cords. In laryngitis, they become inflamed and swollen, preventing smooth vibration. This swelling distorts sounds, resulting in a hoarse or weak voice, or even complete voice loss. Inflammation can also make it harder for vocal cords to close properly, leading to a breathy sound. Excess mucus, often accompanying respiratory infections, can accumulate on vocal cords, hindering normal vibration and contributing to hoarseness.
Caring for Your Voice
Several strategies promote healing when experiencing voice changes due to illness. Resting your voice allows irritated vocal cords time to recover; minimize talking and avoid whispering or shouting, which strain them further. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids helps keep vocal cords moist. Using a humidifier, especially in dry environments or while sleeping, adds moisture to the air and soothes your throat and vocal cords. Avoiding irritants such as smoke and excessive throat clearing aids recovery.
When to See a Doctor
While most voice loss due to illness resolves on its own, certain signs mean you should seek medical attention. If hoarseness or voice loss persists longer than two weeks, especially without typical cold or flu symptoms, consult a healthcare provider. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe pain, difficulty breathing or swallowing, cough up blood, or notice a lump in your neck. These symptoms could indicate a more serious underlying condition requiring professional diagnosis and treatment.