Braces are a common orthodontic treatment used to straighten teeth and improve oral health. Periodic adjustments are fundamental to this process, ensuring teeth gradually shift into their desired alignment.
Why Braces Need Adjusting
Braces function by applying continuous, gentle pressure to teeth, prompting them to move into new positions. This movement relies on a biological process known as bone remodeling. When pressure is exerted on a tooth, the bone on one side of the tooth root begins to resorb, or break down, creating space for the tooth to move. Simultaneously, new bone forms on the opposite side, stabilizing the tooth in its new location.
Without regular adjustments, the forces initially applied by the braces would diminish as teeth begin to move. The tension in the archwires would decrease, and the tooth movement would eventually slow down or even stop. Consistent, controlled force is necessary to keep the bone remodeling process active and guide the teeth progressively towards their final alignment.
The Adjustment Process for Traditional Braces
A typical adjustment visit for traditional metal or ceramic braces involves several steps. First, the orthodontist or an assistant removes the small elastic ligatures, which are rubber bands that secure the archwire to each bracket and provide tension to guide tooth movement.
After removing the ligatures, the archwire is detached from the brackets. The orthodontist assesses tooth movement progress and determines necessary changes. Depending on the treatment stage, the existing archwire might be adjusted, or a new one inserted to apply different pressure. New elastic ligatures then re-secure the archwire to the brackets.
In some cases, additional components like power chains or springs may be used. Power chains are connected strings of elastic ligatures that apply more continuous force than individual ligatures, often used to close gaps or align crooked teeth. Coil springs can be placed between brackets to create space between teeth.
How Other Braces Are Adjusted
Adjustments vary significantly for different types of braces beyond traditional ones. Self-ligating braces, for instance, operate without elastic ligatures. Instead, these braces feature a built-in clip or a tiny spring-loaded door on each bracket that holds the archwire in place.
Adjustments for self-ligating braces involve changing the archwire or making minor modifications. This design reduces friction, allowing the archwire to move more freely and potentially leading to fewer and shorter adjustment appointments compared to traditional braces.
Clear aligners, such as Invisalign, represent a different approach to tooth movement. There is no “tightening” in the traditional sense. Treatment involves a series of custom-made, clear plastic trays. Each set of aligners is worn for one to two weeks, gradually moving teeth by about 0.25mm before transitioning to the next set. This progression incrementally guides teeth into their desired positions.
What to Expect After an Adjustment
Following a brace adjustment, it is common to experience temporary discomfort or soreness in the teeth and gums. This sensation indicates that the teeth are responding to the new pressure and beginning to move. The discomfort lasts for a few days, peaking within the first 24 to 48 hours after the appointment.
To manage this discomfort, individuals can opt for soft foods that require minimal chewing, such as soups, mashed potatoes, or smoothies. Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can also help alleviate soreness.
If any wires or brackets irritate the inside of the mouth, applying orthodontic wax can provide a temporary barrier and relief. Maintaining good oral hygiene and adhering to the orthodontist’s specific instructions are also important for comfort and treatment progress.