Diverticulitis occurs when small, bulging pouches, known as diverticula, in the large intestine become inflamed or infected. Their presence is called diverticulosis, common in individuals over 40. When inflamed, diverticulitis causes symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. Diet plays a significant role in managing diverticulitis, both during a flare-up and in preventing future occurrences.
The Initial Recovery Diet
During a diverticulitis flare-up, the digestive system needs to rest and heal. Healthcare professionals often recommend starting with a clear liquid diet to reduce irritation and inflammation.
A clear liquid diet includes liquids and foods clear at room temperature. Examples are water, clear broths, pulp-free fruit juices (like apple or white grape), gelatin, ice pops without fruit bits, and tea or coffee without cream. This temporary phase typically lasts two to three days, or until symptoms improve.
Slowly Reintroducing Foods
As symptoms improve, gradually reintroduce low-fiber, bland foods. This allows the digestive tract to continue healing while reacquainting it with solid food. Introduce one new food at a time to monitor for symptoms.
Suitable foods include white bread, plain pasta, and white rice. Well-tolerated fruits are cooked or canned varieties without skins or seeds, such as applesauce, bananas, and peeled peaches. Well-cooked vegetables without skins or seeds, like mashed potatoes or cooked carrots, can also be introduced. Lean, well-cooked proteins such as fish, poultry, eggs, and tofu are good choices, along with smooth nut butters and mild dairy products like yogurt or cottage cheese. Small portions and thorough chewing are beneficial during this reintroduction phase.
Long-Term Dietary Considerations
Once the acute phase resolves and a wider variety of foods are tolerated, focus shifts to a higher-fiber diet. This promotes long-term gut health and helps prevent future flare-ups by contributing to soft, bulky stools that reduce colon pressure. The recommended daily fiber intake for adults is typically 25 to 35 grams.
Both soluble and insoluble fibers are beneficial. Soluble fiber, found in oats, apples, and beans, dissolves in water and helps regulate digestion. Insoluble fiber, present in whole grains, nuts, and many vegetables, adds bulk to stool and supports regular bowel movements. Gradually increase fiber intake to prevent bloating or discomfort. Adequate hydration is also important, as water helps fiber move efficiently through the digestive system.
Foods to Approach with Caution
Historically, individuals with diverticular disease were advised to avoid nuts, seeds, and popcorn due to concerns they could get lodged in diverticula. However, current understanding suggests these foods are generally not the primary cause of diverticulitis and can be part of a healthy diet, with some research indicating they may even help prevent attacks. During a flare-up, some healthcare professionals might still recommend temporary avoidance.
Certain foods may cause irritation or discomfort, particularly during a flare-up. These include high-fat, processed, and spicy foods. Foods high in refined sugars and red meat have also been linked to worsening symptoms or increased risk. Individual tolerance varies, so note how specific foods affect symptoms.
Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Guidance
Be aware of symptoms indicating a worsening condition or another diverticulitis flare-up. Symptoms include increased abdominal pain (especially if severe or persistent), fever, chills, and persistent nausea or vomiting. Significant changes in bowel habits, such as severe constipation or diarrhea, or blood in the stool, are also warning signs.
If any of these symptoms occur or worsen, contact a healthcare professional promptly. Severe symptoms, such as intense abdominal pain with a high fever or signs of serious infection, may require immediate medical attention. This information is for general understanding and does not replace personalized medical advice from a doctor or registered dietitian.