Electrocution in water presents an immediate and profound danger. Such incidents occur when electrical currents, often from faulty wiring or damaged equipment, leak into a body of water, electrifying it. When a person comes into contact with this energized water, the electricity can pass through their body, paralyzing muscles and making them unable to move or swim, which can lead to drowning.
Prioritizing Your Safety
Before attempting any rescue, your safety is essential to prevent becoming a second victim. The first step involves identifying and disconnecting the power source. This might mean flipping a circuit breaker, unplugging an appliance, or contacting the local power company to have the electricity shut off. If the power source cannot be immediately and safely turned off, do not approach the water or the victim.
Electricity can spread through water and the surrounding ground, creating a voltage differential that extends outward from the source. Taking a step in an electrified area can place your feet at different voltage potentials, causing current to flow through your body and risking electrocution. Never enter the water if you suspect it is electrified, as the invisible current can incapacitate you.
Safe Removal from Water
Once the power is off and the area is safe, carefully remove the victim from the water. Avoid using your bare hands or any metallic objects, as these can conduct electricity if there’s a residual charge.
Use non-conductive materials to extend your reach to the victim. Appropriate tools include a wooden pole, a plastic oar, a fiberglass Shepherd’s crook, or a long rope. Pull or push the victim to safety from a distance without entering the water yourself. If the victim is unresponsive, carefully maneuver them towards the edge of the water or a stable surface, supporting their head if possible.
Immediate Post-Rescue Care
Once the electrocution victim is out of the water, immediate medical attention is necessary. Call emergency services, such as 911, providing clear information about the incident and the victim’s condition. Electrocution can cause severe internal injuries that may not be immediately visible, making professional medical evaluation essential.
After contacting emergency services, assess the victim for vital signs, including breathing and pulse. If the victim is not breathing or does not have a pulse, immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if you are trained. CPR can be life-saving, as electrical shock can cause cardiac arrest or severe respiratory distress. Continue CPR until medical professionals arrive.
Common injuries from electrocution include burns, which may appear where electricity entered and exited the body. These burns can be superficial or extend deep into tissues, potentially causing significant damage. Electrocution can also lead to internal organ damage, muscle pain, and nerve damage.
If burns are present, cool them with clean, cool (not cold) running water and cover them with a sterile or clean dressing, avoiding anything that might stick. Do not move the victim unnecessarily, especially if there is any suspicion of a head or spinal injury. Stay with the victim, continuously monitoring their condition, and provide reassurance until emergency medical personnel arrive.