Hypermobility describes a physical characteristic where joints possess an unusually large range of motion, moving beyond typical limits. It is a feature of the body’s connective tissues, which provide structure and support. While some individuals refer to this as being “double-jointed,” it simply indicates increased flexibility in the joints. This characteristic is often present from birth and can vary, affecting one joint or many throughout the body.
Recognizing Common Signs
Observing certain physical indicators can suggest joint hypermobility. One sign involves bending the pinky finger backward beyond a 90-degree angle. Similarly, an individual might bend their thumb to touch their forearm. These movements demonstrate an extended range of motion in the smaller joints of the hands and wrists.
Broader joint flexibility is another indicator. Many hypermobile individuals can hyperextend their elbows or knees, meaning these joints can extend beyond a straight line when fully straightened. Another sign is the ability to place palms flat on the floor while keeping legs straight and knees unbent. These movements reflect a generalized increase in joint laxity.
When Hypermobility Becomes a Concern
While some individuals experience hypermobility without issues, for others, this flexibility can lead to various symptoms. When hypermobility causes discomfort or health problems, it may indicate a hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) or hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS). These conditions signify that the body’s connective tissues, including collagen, are more flexible or weaker than typical.
Chronic joint pain is a common symptom, occurring in multiple limbs and persisting for months. Frequent joint dislocations or partial dislocations (subluxations) also indicate problematic hypermobility, as loose joints are prone to moving out of alignment. Individuals might also experience persistent fatigue, feeling tired even after adequate rest.
Beyond joint-specific issues, hypermobility can be associated with other systemic symptoms. These include easily bruised skin, which may be softer or stretchier than usual. Digestive problems, such as abdominal cramping, bloating, or changes in bowel habits, can also occur. Dizziness upon standing is another associated symptom.
Seeking Professional Evaluation
If you suspect your hypermobility is causing symptoms or impacting daily life, consulting a healthcare professional is a good next step. Beginning with a general practitioner is often recommended, as they assess your overall health and medical history. Your doctor may perform a physical examination to evaluate joint range of motion.
Depending on their initial assessment, your general practitioner may refer you to specialists who have expertise in connective tissue disorders. A rheumatologist, specializing in musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions, is a common referral. A geneticist may be consulted if a broader genetic condition is suspected.
During these consultations, the medical team typically reviews your detailed medical history, including any family history of hypermobility or related conditions. They may also conduct further physical assessments and potentially order blood tests or other investigations to rule out alternative conditions that might present with similar symptoms. This comprehensive approach helps ensure an accurate understanding of your condition.
Understanding a Diagnosis
Receiving a diagnosis related to hypermobility, such as hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) or hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), involves meeting specific diagnostic criteria established by medical experts. These criteria consider both the extent of joint hypermobility and the presence of associated symptoms affecting various body systems. For hEDS, no specific genetic test is available for diagnosis; instead, it relies on clinical evaluation.
A diagnosis provides clarity about your symptoms and offers a pathway for managing them effectively. While there is no known cure, treatment focuses on symptom management and improving quality of life. This often involves a multidisciplinary approach, including physical therapy to strengthen muscles around joints and education on protective strategies. Understanding your diagnosis helps you collaborate with healthcare providers to develop a personalized management plan.