An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped birth control device inserted into the uterus. There are two main types: hormonal IUDs, which release progestin to thicken cervical mucus and thin the uterine lining, and copper IUDs, which create an environment inhospitable to sperm through copper ions. Both types offer long-term and highly effective contraception, lasting from 3 to 12 years. Understanding how to monitor your IUD’s position helps ensure its continued effectiveness and safety.
Recognizing Potential Signs
A displaced IUD can cause various signs. These include changes in menstrual bleeding patterns, such as periods becoming heavier, longer, or more painful than usual, especially with hormonal IUDs that typically reduce flow. New or worsening abdominal cramping or pelvic pain can also signal displacement, as the uterus might be attempting to expel the device.
Unusual vaginal discharge, differing in color, smell, or texture, may indicate irritation from a shifted IUD. Pain during sexual intercourse for either partner might occur if the IUD is poking or irritating the cervix or vaginal canal. The inability to feel the IUD strings, or if they feel noticeably shorter or longer than before, is another indicator. You might also feel the hard plastic part of the IUD itself protruding from the cervix.
How to Perform a Self-Check
Regularly checking your IUD strings at home helps monitor its position. It is recommended to perform this check once a month, ideally after each menstrual period, as the cervix is typically lower, making the strings easier to reach. Before beginning, thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water, ensuring cleanliness to prevent introducing bacteria.
To position yourself, either sit or squat, or place one leg up on a raised surface like a bathtub. Gently insert your index or middle finger into your vagina until you can feel your cervix, which will feel firm and rubbery, similar to the tip of your nose. Once you’ve located your cervix, carefully feel around its opening for the IUD strings. These strings are typically thin, like small pieces of fishing line, usually about 1 to 2 inches long, and you should feel one or two threads protruding. If the strings feel longer or shorter than before, or if you cannot feel them, or if you feel a hard plastic part instead of just the strings, the IUD may have moved.
Next Steps After Suspecting Displacement
If you suspect your IUD has moved, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Do not attempt to reposition or remove the IUD yourself, as this can cause harm. If you are sexually active, immediately begin using a backup birth control method, such as condoms, because a displaced IUD may no longer provide effective pregnancy protection. If you have had unprotected sex recently, emergency contraception may be considered.
Upon visiting your healthcare provider, they will typically perform a pelvic examination to assess the IUD’s position. If the strings are not visible or the IUD’s location is uncertain, an ultrasound may be conducted to confirm displacement. Depending on the IUD’s confirmed position, your provider will discuss potential solutions, which could include removing the displaced IUD or replacing it with a new one.