Sun poisoning is a severe reaction to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, an extreme form of sunburn that goes beyond typical discomfort. The term “poisoning” is a non-medical colloquialism, not an actual poisoning of the body. This condition can affect the entire body, with symptoms extending beyond skin irritation and sometimes mimicking an allergic reaction or even the flu.
Key Indicators
Sun poisoning symptoms often appear a few hours after sun exposure. The skin may show intense redness, severe pain, and significant swelling. Blistering or peeling of the skin is a common sign, indicating more serious damage.
Beyond localized skin reactions, sun poisoning frequently involves systemic symptoms. Individuals may experience fever and chills, similar to flu-like symptoms. Headaches, nausea, and vomiting are common, often resulting from dehydration as the burn draws fluid away from other body parts. Dizziness, fatigue, and general malaise can also occur due to the body’s overall response to severe UV exposure and fluid loss.
Distinguishing from a Sunburn
A common sunburn is a localized skin reaction to UV light, characterized by redness, tenderness, and warmth. Symptoms typically develop within hours of exposure and may include mild blistering, with pain generally subsiding within a few days. Damage is usually confined to the skin’s superficial layers.
Sun poisoning, however, involves a more profound and systemic response. While it shares initial skin symptoms like redness and pain, the severity is markedly increased, often leading to widespread or severe blistering. The key differentiating factor is the presence of body-wide symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, and dehydration, which are not typically associated with a mild sunburn. Sun poisoning is a more severe sunburn that can require medical attention, whereas typical sunburns can often be managed at home.
When to Seek Medical Care
Prompt medical attention is advisable for sun poisoning if symptoms are severe or do not improve with home care. Seek professional help if there is widespread blistering or if blisters appear on sensitive areas like the face, hands, or genitals. Signs of infection, such as increasing pain, swelling, pus, or red streaks from the affected skin, warrant immediate medical evaluation.
A high fever, particularly if it exceeds 102°F (39°C), accompanied by chills or persistent nausea and vomiting, indicates a more serious condition. Severe pain not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication is another reason to seek medical advice. Any signs of significant dehydration, such as extreme thirst, decreased urination, dizziness upon standing, or confusion, require urgent care to prevent further complications.