Sturgeons, ancient fish known for their impressive size, are typically docile bottom-dwellers. While not aggressive predators that intentionally attack humans, their size and powerful movements can pose a significant, albeit rare, threat on waterways.
The Primary Threat: Jumping Sturgeon
The primary way sturgeons cause serious injury or death is by leaping out of the water. This phenomenon, primarily observed with species like the Gulf Sturgeon, can create a hazardous boating situation. Incidents typically occur on rivers where these fish are present, such as the Suwannee River in Florida. A jumping sturgeon can strike a person directly, impact a boat forcefully, or cause falls and injuries. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has reported numerous injuries and even fatalities from these accidental collisions.
Understanding the Circumstances
The danger posed by a jumping sturgeon is due to their immense size and weight, with some species growing to several feet long and weighing hundreds of pounds. For example, Lake Sturgeon can reach 7 feet and 200-300 pounds. White sturgeon, North America’s largest freshwater fish, can exceed 1,000 pounds and 20 feet. A Gulf Sturgeon, averaging 5 feet and 40 pounds, can leap over 7 feet. When such a large, heavy fish launches itself, the impact can be compared to hitting a solid object.
Several theories explain why sturgeons jump. One reason is to gulp air, refilling their swim bladder for buoyancy. Another suggests jumping serves as a form of communication, particularly for group cohesion. Other reasons include startling by boat engines, escaping predators, shedding parasites, or display during spawning season. The combination of a sturgeon’s size, the force of its jump, and the confined space of a boat creates a dangerous scenario.
Assessing the Actual Risk
Despite the potential for severe injury, incidents involving jumping sturgeons are rare. Sturgeons are not aggressive towards humans and do not intentionally attack. Danger arises from accidental collisions with these large, powerful fish. While tragic incidents, including a 2015 fatality, have occurred, they remain uncommon. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission warns boaters in areas like the Suwannee River to exercise caution. The overall risk of a fatal sturgeon encounter is low compared to other recreational water activities.