Aardvarks are nocturnal mammals native to Africa, known for their distinct appearance. They roam the savannas, grasslands, and woodlands south of the Sahara Desert.
Key Measurements and Physical Attributes
Aardvarks possess a robust, stocky body with an arched back. Their body length, excluding the tail, typically ranges from 105 to 130 centimeters (approximately 3.4 to 4.3 feet). Including their heavy, tapering tail, which can add another 53 to 70 centimeters (21 to 28 inches) to their length, a full-grown aardvark can measure up to 2.2 meters (7.2 feet). Standing at the shoulder, an adult aardvark is about 60 to 76 centimeters (24 to 30 inches) tall.
The weight of an adult aardvark generally falls between 40 and 82 kilograms (88 to 180 pounds). Their skin is thick and sparsely covered with coarse hair, ranging in color from yellowish-gray to reddish-brown. The forefeet have four toes, while the hind feet have five, each equipped with strong, flattened, shovel-like claws.
Their large, elongated ears, which can be up to 24 centimeters (9.5 inches) long, can move independently and fold shut. A distinctive elongated snout, resembling a pig’s nose, houses an exceptional sense of smell, aiding in their nocturnal foraging. Their nostrils can also close to prevent dust and insects from entering while they dig.
Size in Context and Adaptations
The aardvark’s physical dimensions and robust build are well-suited for its specialized lifestyle, particularly its extensive digging activities. Their powerful, muscular limbs and shovel-like claws enable them to excavate burrows and break into hard termite mounds efficiently. An aardvark can dig a 60-centimeter (2-foot) deep hole in as little as 15 to 30 seconds. This digging prowess is important for creating the elaborate burrows that serve as shelter from predators and the daytime heat.
These burrows typically measure 2 to 3 meters (6.5 to 10 feet) in length, but some can extend up to 13 meters (43 feet) and include multiple chambers and entrances. Aardvarks frequently abandon old burrows, which then provide homes for various other animals, including African wild dogs and hyenas. Their thick skin offers protection from the bites and stings of the insects they consume. A highly developed sense of smell allows them to locate ants and termites underground. Once a food source is located, their long, sticky tongue, which can extend up to 30 centimeters (12 inches), effectively laps up large quantities of insects.