A penile implant, also known as a penile prosthesis, is a medical device surgically placed inside the penis to enable individuals with erectile dysfunction (ED) to achieve an erection. This treatment option is typically considered when other less invasive methods, such as medications or vacuum devices, have not been effective. The primary goal of a penile implant is to restore the ability to engage in sexual activity.
Types of Penile Implants
Penile implants generally fall into two main categories: inflatable and malleable (non-inflatable) implants. Inflatable implants are the most common type and consist of several parts. These include two cylinders placed within the penis, a fluid reservoir, and a small pump. The reservoir typically holds a saline solution, and these components are connected by tubing.
Malleable implants, also known as semi-rigid rods, are simpler in design. They consist of two bendable rods, often made of silicone or with a metal core, surgically inserted into the penis. Unlike inflatable devices, malleable implants do not have a pump or reservoir. These rods provide constant rigidity, allowing the penis to be manually positioned for sexual activity.
Mechanism of Operation
The two types of penile implants operate through different principles. Inflatable implants allow for on-demand rigidity by manipulating fluid movement. To achieve an erection, a person activates a pump, typically located in the scrotum. This transfers saline fluid from the reservoir into the penile cylinders, causing them to inflate and create an erection.
Once sexual activity is completed, pressing a release valve on the pump allows fluid to drain back from the cylinders into the reservoir, returning the penis to a flaccid state. This mechanism mimics natural erection and flaccidity.
Malleable implants function differently, providing constant rigidity. These implants are always semi-rigid, allowing the penis to remain firm yet bendable. To engage in sexual activity, the individual manually positions the penis upwards. When not in use, the penis can be bent downwards and tucked against the body for discretion.
Surgical Implantation Process
Surgical implantation of a penile prosthesis typically occurs in a hospital or surgical center. Before the procedure, patients usually receive general or spinal anesthesia. Intravenous antibiotics are administered to reduce infection risk.
During surgery, an incision is commonly made at the base of the penis or across the top of the scrotum. Through this, the surgeon inserts the implant components. For inflatable implants, cylinders are placed inside the penis, the pump in the scrotum, and the fluid reservoir under the abdominal wall. For malleable implants, bendable rods are inserted directly into the penis. Once components are positioned, incisions are closed with sutures.
Living with a Penile Implant
After penile implant surgery, a recovery period allows the body to heal and adjust. Initial discomfort, swelling, and bruising are common in the first few weeks. Most individuals return to light daily activities within about a week, with full recovery and clearance for sexual activity typically taking 4 to 6 weeks.
Once healed, using the implant becomes routine. For inflatable implants, patients learn to operate the pump to achieve and release an erection. Malleable implants offer immediate rigidity, requiring only manual positioning. Penile implants allow a return to sexual activity, without affecting sensation, ejaculation, or orgasm.