Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral infection primarily affecting young children, though adults can also contract it. While typically mild, HFMD symptoms can cause significant discomfort. The infection usually resolves within seven to ten days, and home management can help ease this discomfort.
Identifying Common Symptoms
Initial signs of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease often resemble a common cold, including fever, sore throat, and reduced appetite. Distinct symptoms typically emerge a few days after exposure to the virus.
Painful mouth sores are a characteristic feature, beginning as small red spots on the tongue, gums, and cheeks. These spots can blister and make eating and drinking challenging. A rash also appears on the palms and soles, consisting of flat or raised red spots that may blister. While typically not itchy, the rash can extend to the buttocks or groin.
Relieving Mouth and Throat Pain
Painful mouth sores are often the most distressing HFMD symptom, especially for children, as they interfere with fluid intake. Offering cold liquids like water, milk, oral rehydration solutions, ice pops, or sherbet can soothe discomfort and prevent dehydration.
Avoid acidic beverages, hot, or spicy foods, as these can irritate the sores and intensify pain. Soft, bland foods like yogurt, applesauce, mashed potatoes, and cereals with milk are generally better tolerated and provide nutrition.
For older children, a warm saltwater gargle can help alleviate sore throat and mouth pain. Dissolve about half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and gargle multiple times a day. Consistent hydration is important to manage symptoms and support recovery.
Addressing Skin Rashes and Itching
The HFMD skin rash can cause discomfort, though it is typically not itchy. Cool baths provide relief for irritated skin. Adding colloidal oatmeal to bathwater helps soothe itching and irritation by forming a protective barrier.
A baking soda bath (quarter cup in lukewarm water, soak up to 40 minutes) can also relieve irritation and itching. After bathing, gently pat skin dry and apply a gentle, non-irritating lotion, such as calamine or aloe vera, if itching is present. Loose-fitting, breathable clothing can also minimize friction and promote comfort.
When Professional Medical Advice is Needed
Certain symptoms warrant professional medical attention. Seek medical advice if a high fever persists for more than three days or is not responding to fever-reducing medication.
Signs of dehydration, including decreased urination, dry mouth, lack of tears, or unusual lethargy, indicate a need for medical consultation. Severe mouth pain preventing fluid intake also requires medical assessment. Other concerning symptoms include unusual irritability, excessive drowsiness, a stiff neck, or worsening symptoms after several days. Medical guidance is especially important for infants younger than six months or individuals with weakened immune systems.