The Buddha Hand fruit, scientifically known as Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis, is a unique and visually striking member of the citrus family. Its name derives from its distinctive appearance, featuring elongated, finger-like segments that resemble a human hand, often curled in prayer-like gestures. Originating in the Indian Himalayan foothills, this fruit was introduced to China by Buddhist monks as early as the 4th century C.E. It has been cultivated in Asia for thousands of years.
Nutritional Profile
The Buddha Hand fruit possesses a notable composition of bioactive compounds, including vitamin C, dietary fiber, and calcium. It is particularly rich in coumarins, limonoids (such as limonin), diosmin, and flavonoids. The majority of the fruit’s nutritional value comes from these aromatic essential oils and other bioactive compounds found primarily in its zest.
Health Benefits
The Buddha Hand fruit offers several potential health advantages. Compounds like coumarin, limonin, diosmin, and bergapten are recognized for their pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory properties. This has led to its traditional use in easing discomfort from various conditions, including bruising and sprains.
The fruit also benefits the gastrointestinal system. Its anti-inflammatory action can help reduce inflammation within the stomach lining and intestines, offering relief from issues like cramps and diarrhea. Additionally, the dietary fiber content in Buddha Hand fruit supports nutrient absorption and promotes smooth food passage, aiding in the treatment of constipation.
For respiratory health, Buddha Hand fruit has been traditionally employed due to its expectorant properties. It can assist in clearing coughs and phlegm from the pharynx, alleviating breathing discomfort. Traditional applications also suggest its use in managing asthma symptoms.
The fruit’s rich antioxidant content, including vitamin C, helps protect the body by clearing free radicals and preventing oxidative damage to cells and tissues. This antioxidant activity contributes to a boosted immune system, enhancing the body’s ability to fight infections like the common cold and flu. Specific polysaccharides found in the fruit may also enhance the microbe-scavenging activity of macrophages.
Compounds like limonin exhibit anti-cancer properties, with research suggesting potential against breast cancer and colorectal tumors. The fruit also contains pectin, which can contribute to reducing blood cholesterol levels. Its alcohol extracts may dilate blood vessels, supporting healthy blood circulation and potentially lowering blood pressure, which may decrease the risk of cardiovascular issues.
How to Use Buddha Hand Fruit
The Buddha Hand fruit’s value resides primarily in its fragrant rind and pith, as it contains almost no pulp or juice. This makes the entire fruit suitable for consumption. The mild-tasting pith is less bitter than that of other citrus varieties.
The fragrant zest can be used in culinary preparations, similar to lemon zest. It can be grated over salads, vegetables, or fish, and incorporated into salad dressings, marinades, cakes, and biscuits. The fruit can also be candied, with its lack of bitterness making it an excellent candidate for making candied citrus peel.
Beyond zest and candying, Buddha Hand fruit can be used for infusions. Slices of the fruit can infuse liquors, olive oils, sugars, and salts, imparting a unique citrus and floral flavor. It can also be brewed as a tea, often with a touch of honey. For a fragrant addition to the home, the whole fruit can be left out to perfume a room or placed in drawers as a natural air freshener.
Important Considerations
Sourcing Buddha Hand fruit may require visiting specialty grocers or Asian markets, as it is not as widely available as common citrus. When selecting, look for firm, bright yellow fruits with distinct fingers and a strong, sweet citrus aroma. Avoid any with soft spots or blemishes.
For short-term storage, the fruit can be kept at room temperature for one to two weeks, away from direct sunlight. To extend its freshness, it can be refrigerated for up to three to four weeks when loosely wrapped. While generally considered safe for consumption, excessive consumption of the rind might cause gastrointestinal irritation in sensitive individuals.
While traditional uses of Buddha Hand fruit are extensive, scientific research on all its purported health benefits is ongoing or limited. Many of its traditional applications are supported by historical usage rather than extensive clinical trials.