Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, commonly known as licorice root extract, is derived from the root of the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant. This botanical ingredient has a long history in various traditional wellness practices across different cultures, including ancient Egyptian, Roman, Greek, Chinese, and Indian traditions. It has been utilized for its diverse properties for thousands of years, establishing its relevance in both traditional and modern applications. The extract is recognized for its multifaceted uses, ranging from flavoring agents to components in medicinal and cosmetic formulations.
Key Active Compounds
Licorice root extract contains numerous bioactive compounds that contribute to its beneficial effects. Among these, glabridin, glycyrrhizin, and licochalcone A are particularly well-studied for their distinct properties.
Glabridin is a primary component known for its skin-brightening capabilities. It achieves this by inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for melanin production in the skin. By interfering with this enzymatic pathway, glabridin helps to reduce the formation of dark spots and promotes a more even skin tone.
Glycyrrhizin is another significant compound, recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory and soothing properties. This compound is also the one responsible for potential side effects when ingested in high amounts or over long periods, such as increased blood pressure and decreased potassium levels.
Licochalcone A contributes to the extract’s benefits through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. It helps protect skin cells from oxidative stress. This compound also plays a role in regulating oil production in the skin.
Applications in Skincare
Licorice root extract is a popular ingredient in skincare formulations due to its diverse beneficial properties. It offers solutions for several common skin concerns.
The extract is widely used to address hyperpigmentation, including dark spots, sun spots, and post-acne marks. Glabridin, one of its main components, directly inhibits tyrosinase, the enzyme that triggers melanin production. This action helps to fade existing dark areas and prevents new ones from forming, leading to a more uniform skin tone.
It also offers soothing effects for irritated and sensitive skin. The anti-inflammatory properties of glycyrrhizin and licochalcone A make the extract suitable for products designed for sensitive or compromised skin. This can be particularly helpful for conditions like rosacea, eczema, or general skin sensitivity.
Furthermore, licorice root extract provides antioxidant protection, shielding the skin from environmental stressors. Licochalcone A, in particular, helps neutralize free radicals, which can damage skin cells. This protective action helps maintain skin health against external aggressors like UV radiation and pollution.
Internal Use and Health Considerations
Licorice root extract has a long history of internal use. It has been employed as a supplement for soothing irritation in the digestive tract, aiding conditions like heartburn and indigestion. It also offers respiratory support to help alleviate coughs and clear excess mucus from airways.
Despite its traditional benefits, ingesting licorice root extract containing glycyrrhizin carries potential health risks, especially with high doses or long-term use. Glycyrrhizin can affect the body’s electrolyte balance, leading to increased blood pressure and decreased potassium levels. This occurs because glycyrrhizin mimics the effects of a hormone that regulates sodium and potassium, causing the body to retain sodium and excrete potassium. Symptoms of low potassium can include muscle weakness and irregular heartbeats.
To mitigate these risks, deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is available. In DGL, the majority of glycyrrhizin has been removed, making it a safer option for long-term or regular internal use. DGL still retains many of the beneficial compounds that support digestive health, without the significant risk of impacting blood pressure or potassium levels. Consulting a healthcare professional is always recommended before starting any new supplement regimen.
How to Choose and Use Products
When selecting skincare products containing licorice root extract, look for “Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract” or “Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract” on the ingredient list. This indicates the presence of the beneficial extract designed to address hyperpigmentation or soothe sensitive skin. Consistent application over several weeks or months is usually necessary to observe noticeable improvements in skin tone and appearance.
For internal use as a supplement, it is important to specifically choose products labeled “DGL” or “Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice”. This ensures that the glycyrrhizin has been largely removed. Before incorporating any new supplement into your routine, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it is appropriate for your individual health needs.