Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 (FGF7), also known as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), is a protein belonging to the large fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family with 22 members. These proteins are growth factors that regulate various cellular processes.
FGF7 plays a role in orchestrating cell growth, survival, and specialization. It contributes to embryonic development, tissue repair, and the overall maintenance of tissue health.
Key Functions of FGF7
FGF7 primarily influences cell proliferation. It also plays a part in cell differentiation. This protein further contributes to cell migration, a process important in development and wound healing.
The influence of FGF7 often occurs through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. In this process, mesenchymal cells produce FGF7, which then acts on nearby epithelial cells. This interaction is fundamental for the proper development of organs and the repair of damaged tissues. FGF7 exerts its effects by binding to specific receptors, particularly FGFR2-IIIb, which then activates various signaling pathways.
FGF7’s Role in Tissue Development and Maintenance
FGF7 has a notable impact on the development and continued health of several tissues throughout the body. In the skin, it is involved in epidermal growth. It also participates in the regulation of the hair growth cycle.
In the lungs, FGF7 contributes to the proper formation of lung structures during development. It also offers protective and regenerative effects in mature lung tissue, helping in its repair after injury. Within the gastrointestinal tract, FGF7 is important for maintaining the integrity and health of the digestive lining, assisting in its repair processes.
FGF7 additionally contributes to kidney development and its response to injury. Its presence is observed in various tissues, including the urinary system, respiratory system, and reproductive system, highlighting its widespread involvement in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
FGF7 and Human Health
Abnormal levels or function of FGF7 can have implications for human health. For instance, its dysregulation has been linked to certain fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where it can influence inflammation and repair processes. FGF7 is also associated with inflammatory conditions and has a complex role in certain cancers, sometimes promoting cell proliferation and invasion, as seen in prostate and gastric cancers, while in other contexts its role may differ.
The involvement of FGF7 in these conditions makes it a subject of research for therapeutic interventions. For example, its ability to promote cell proliferation and tissue repair suggests its potential in regenerative medicine. This includes investigations into its use for promoting wound healing and facilitating tissue repair in organs like the lung and kidney.
Understanding the pathways FGF7 influences, such as the Ras, PI3K-Akt, and PLCs pathways, provides targets for potential drug development. Targeting FGF7 pathways holds promise for managing various conditions, from heritable diseases like autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) to acquired conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Continued research aims to further elucidate its molecular mechanisms to develop more effective treatments.