Chamomile, known for its apple-like scent and calming properties, is a versatile plant used in teas, cosmetics, and aromatherapy. Understanding its early development phases is key for successful cultivation, as providing the right conditions during these stages influences the plant’s health and yield.
The Germination Phase
The journey of a chamomile plant begins with germination, the period from sowing seeds until the first green shoots emerge. These tiny seeds typically sprout within 7 to 14 days.
For successful germination, maintain a consistently warm soil temperature, ideally between 65°F to 70°F (18°C to 21°C). Chamomile seeds require light to germinate, so sow them on the soil surface or cover with only a very thin layer of medium. Keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged.
The Seedling Phase
Following germination, the seedling phase begins with the appearance of cotyledons, the plant’s initial seed leaves. These cotyledons look different from the true leaves that develop later. Soon after, the first set of true leaves will form, marking a significant step in the plant’s development. These true leaves will have the characteristic feathery, finely divided appearance of mature chamomile foliage.
During this stage, seedlings require attention to light, water, and temperature. Chamomile seedlings thrive with at least six hours of direct sunlight daily, though they can tolerate partial shade, especially in hotter climates. The soil should remain consistently moist but never soggy. Ideal temperatures for seedling growth range from 60°F to 70°F (15°C to 21°C).
Young Plant Development
Once chamomile seedlings have developed several sets of true leaves and reached 1 to 2 inches in height, they transition into the young plant stage. This phase involves further growth, with stems thickening and more characteristic feathery leaves emerging. If starting seeds indoors, transplant young plants when they have 3 to 4 true leaves, as older seedlings may struggle with transplant shock.
When planting outdoors, space chamomile plants 8 to 12 inches apart for adequate air circulation and growth. Consistent watering is important, ensuring the top inch of soil dries out between waterings to prevent fungal issues. Chamomile prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 5.6 and 7.5; adding compost improves soil texture and fertility. Monitor for common pests like aphids and spider mites, and diseases such as powdery mildew, to ensure healthy development.