Wyoming is indeed home to snakes, which are an integral part of the state’s diverse ecosystems. Understanding their presence and behaviors is key to coexisting with these creatures. Learning about the types of snakes found in Wyoming and their natural roles can help foster a more informed perspective.
Snakes in Wyoming: A Confirmed Presence
Wyoming hosts approximately 16 to 18 distinct snake species or subspecies, including both venomous and non-venomous types. Many non-venomous snakes play an important role in controlling rodent populations, benefiting the ecosystem. Encounters are a natural part of the state’s wild and semi-wild landscapes.
Common Snake Species of Wyoming
Only two venomous snake species, both rattlesnakes, are found in Wyoming. The Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) is the most widespread. It has characteristic tail rattles, a triangular head, vertical pupils, and tan bodies with darker brown blotches. Prairie Rattlesnakes primarily consume small mammals like ground squirrels and prairie dogs, and their venom contains both hemotoxic and neurotoxic properties.
The Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) has a restricted range, found predominantly in the lower Green River Valley. Despite its smaller size, its venom can be highly potent. Most rattlesnake bites occur when people harass or attempt to handle them, as they prefer to avoid human interaction.
Several non-venomous snakes are common throughout Wyoming. The Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi) is a large species, sometimes over seven feet long. It can resemble a rattlesnake with its patterned body and tail vibration when threatened, but it lacks rattles, has round pupils, and no heat-sensing pits. Bullsnakes are constrictors that prey on rodents, birds, and their eggs.
Various Garter Snake species (Thamnophis spp.), such as the Wandering Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans vagrans), are prevalent and harmless. They are often found near water sources, feeding on small fish, frogs, and worms. The Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) is another non-venomous species, known for its speed and un-patterned olive-grey back with a yellow underside. Racers are active during the day, preying on rodents, birds, and other reptiles. The Plains Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus) is recognizable by its upturned snout, used for burrowing, and its defensive behavior of hissing and playing dead; it is not dangerous.
Where Snakes Live in Wyoming
Snakes in Wyoming inhabit diverse environments. They are found in grasslands, sagebrush plains, and rocky outcrops, which provide cover and opportunities for thermoregulation. River bottoms and areas near water sources are also frequented by certain species, particularly garter snakes. Some species can be found in forested areas and at higher elevations, with Prairie Rattlesnakes observed up to 9,500 feet and some garter snakes at 13,000 feet.
As ectothermic animals, snakes rely on external sources to regulate their body temperature. They seek specific microclimates, basking on sun-warmed rocks or retreating into burrows and shaded areas to cool down. During colder winter months, snakes undergo brumation, a state of reduced metabolic activity. They gather in communal dens, known as hibernacula, often underground in rock crevices or abandoned mammal burrows, to conserve warmth.
Safe Interactions with Wyoming’s Snakes
To minimize interactions and ensure safety around snakes, several preventative measures are helpful. When outdoors, especially in areas with snake activity, wear over-the-ankle boots, thick socks, and loose-fitting long pants for protection. Stick to well-used trails and avoid walking through tall grass, dense weeds, or heavy underbrush where snakes may be concealed. Always watch where you step and place your hands, particularly when reaching into crevices, under logs, or around rock piles. Keeping residential yards clear of debris like woodpiles and overgrown vegetation can deter snakes seeking shelter or prey.
If you encounter a snake, maintain a safe distance and avoid provoking it. Snakes prefer to escape rather than confront, and most bites occur when individuals attempt to handle, harass, or kill them. Allow the snake to move away on its own. If it is on a trail, keep an eye on it from afar while alerting others until it retreats.
In the rare event of a snakebite, especially from a suspected venomous species, seek immediate medical attention. Call 911 or your local emergency number without delay. While waiting for help, remain calm, wash the bite area gently with soap and water if possible, and remove any jewelry or tight clothing near the bite before swelling begins. Keep the bitten area in a neutral, comfortable position. Avoid traditional remedies like cutting the wound, attempting to suck out venom, applying a tourniquet, or icing the bite, as these actions can be harmful.