Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of natural bacteria in the vagina. This article explores how swimming might influence BV and whether water exposure can worsen the condition. Understanding this relationship helps individuals make informed decisions about vaginal health.
What is Bacterial Vaginosis?
Bacterial vaginosis occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted. This happens when certain bacteria, called anaerobes, overgrow and outnumber beneficial lactobacilli. Common indicators of BV include a thin, off-white, or gray vaginal discharge, often with a distinct “fishy” odor that may become more noticeable after sexual activity. Some individuals might also experience mild vaginal itching or a burning sensation during urination, though many report no symptoms. Factors increasing BV risk include douching, new or multiple sexual partners, and intrauterine device use.
How Swimming May Affect BV
Swimming itself does not directly cause bacterial vaginosis. However, certain swimming conditions can contribute to an imbalance in vaginal bacteria or irritate sensitive tissues. Prolonged exposure to a wet swimsuit, for instance, creates a warm, moist environment around the genital area. This dampness can alter the natural vaginal pH, potentially encouraging the growth of bacteria that contribute to BV.
Chemicals used in pools, particularly chlorine, can also affect vaginal health. Chlorine, designed to kill bacteria in pool water, may disrupt the vagina’s beneficial lactobacilli, which maintain an acidic pH. This disruption can make the vaginal environment less resilient and more susceptible to bacterial overgrowth. While natural bodies of water are generally less impactful than chlorinated pools, seawater is often considered a safer option for vaginal health.
Minimizing Risks When Swimming
Individuals can take several steps to help maintain vaginal health when swimming. Changing out of a wet swimsuit promptly after swimming is beneficial, as it reduces the duration of exposure to moisture and helps prevent a damp environment. Taking a shower immediately after swimming helps to rinse off chlorine, salt, or other potential irritants and microbes from the skin and vaginal area.
Beyond swimming habits, general hygiene practices also play a role in preventing BV. Avoiding douching is important because it can disrupt the vagina’s natural bacterial balance and pH. Opting for breathable cotton underwear can help prevent moisture buildup, which is less conducive to bacterial overgrowth. Washing the external genital area with mild, unscented soap and warm water also supports a healthy vaginal environment.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
Consult a healthcare professional if you experience persistent or worsening symptoms after swimming, such as unusual vaginal discharge, a strong odor, increased itching, or a burning sensation. Recurrent BV infections also warrant medical attention. Since BV symptoms can mimic those of other vaginal infections, a proper diagnosis is important for effective treatment. Prompt treatment is particularly important for pregnant individuals with BV due to potential complications. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment, often involving antibiotics.