Sucralfate is a medication prescribed to treat and prevent ulcers in the stomach and upper small intestine (duodenum). It functions by forming a protective barrier over ulcerated areas, shielding them from digestive acids, enzymes, and bile salts, allowing damaged tissue to heal effectively. While effective, many wonder about its digestive side effects, particularly regarding bowel movements.
Sucralfate and Diarrhea
Sucralfate is known to affect the digestive system, with constipation being a frequently reported side effect. However, diarrhea can also occur, though it is less common than constipation. Clinical trials have indicated that diarrhea is experienced by a smaller percentage of patients, typically around 1% to 2%.
The primary reason for sucralfate’s impact on bowel function relates to its composition, as it is an aluminum salt. Aluminum compounds are generally known to have a constipating effect by slowing the movement of fluids and waste through the digestive tract. While constipation is the more anticipated outcome due to this aluminum content, some individuals may still experience diarrhea. The exact mechanisms leading to diarrhea in these cases are not always clearly defined, but it is recognized as a possible gastrointestinal response to the medication.
Managing Diarrhea While Taking Sucralfate
Experiencing diarrhea while taking sucralfate can be uncomfortable, but several strategies can help manage symptoms. Staying well-hydrated is important to replace fluids and electrolytes lost due to diarrhea. Drinking clear broths, water, and oral rehydration solutions can help prevent dehydration.
Focus on bland, easily digestible foods like toast, rice, bananas, and applesauce. Avoid foods that might worsen diarrhea, such as spicy, fatty, or highly fibrous foods, caffeine, and dairy products.
Contact a healthcare provider if diarrhea becomes severe, persistent, or is accompanied by signs of dehydration like reduced urination, dizziness, or dark urine. Seek medical attention if you notice blood in the stool or severe abdominal pain.
Other Common Sucralfate Side Effects
Beyond its effects on bowel movements, sucralfate can cause other common side effects. Constipation is the most prevalent, reported in about 1% to 10% of patients. Other frequently observed side effects include nausea, indigestion, and gas.
Some individuals may also experience dry mouth, an itching sensation, or a skin rash. Less common reactions include dizziness, headache, or trouble sleeping. Most of these side effects are typically mild and often resolve as the body adjusts to the medication.