Many people wonder if water moccasins, also known as cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus), are present in Ohio. Despite common misconceptions, these venomous snakes are not native to the state. This article clarifies this fact, providing information about the snakes that do reside in Ohio and how to identify true water moccasins.
Dispelling the Myth in Ohio
The belief that water moccasins live in Ohio is widespread, largely because the state is home to several non-venomous water snake species often mistaken for them. The natural geographic range of the water moccasin extends across the southeastern United States, reaching north to southern Illinois and Indiana, but it does not naturally include Ohio.
This misidentification often stems from the defensive postures of Ohio’s native water snakes. When disturbed, these snakes may flatten their bodies and heads, making them appear more triangular, resembling venomous species. Wildlife experts consistently confirm the absence of true water moccasins in Ohio.
Common Water Snakes in Ohio
Ohio’s waterways are abundant with several non-venomous water snake species. The Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon) is common and frequently mistaken for a water moccasin. These snakes vary in coloration from pale gray to dark brown, often displaying reddish-brown to black bands. As they age, many Northern Water Snakes become darker, sometimes appearing almost entirely black.
Northern Water Snakes are found in nearly all permanent bodies of water throughout Ohio, including ponds, lakes, marshes, and slow-moving rivers. They are often seen basking on rocks or logs near the water’s edge. When disturbed, they typically flee into the water, but if cornered or handled, they will defend themselves by biting and releasing a foul-smelling musk. Their saliva contains a mild anticoagulant, which can cause bites to bleed more than expected, contributing to their fearsome reputation despite being non-venomous.
Other water snake species in Ohio include the Plain-bellied Watersnake, Queen Snake, and Eastern Ribbon Snake. The Plain-bellied Watersnake has a thick body and solid coloration, with an unmarked underside that can be red or yellow. Queen Snakes are dark green or brown with two stripes along their sides and a yellow belly with four dark stripes.
Identifying Water Moccasins
Understanding the distinguishing features of true water moccasins (Agkistrodon piscivorus) is helpful for accurate identification in their native range. They are stout-bodied pit vipers with a broad, triangular head distinctly wider than their neck. They possess vertical pupils and heat-sensing pits located between their eyes and nostrils.
A characteristic defensive behavior of the water moccasin is to open its mouth wide, revealing a bright white, cotton-like interior, which gives them their common name “cottonmouth.” Their coloration varies from dark brown or black to lighter shades with darker crossbands, though adults often become uniformly dark. They are semi-aquatic, found in habitats like swamps, marshes, and ditches across the southeastern United States.
Safe Encounters with Snakes
Encountering any snake in a natural setting requires caution and respect for wildlife. The best approach is to observe snakes from a distance and avoid attempting to handle or provoke them. Snakes are not aggressive and will try to avoid confrontation if given space.
If a snake is found in an undesirable location, such as a garden or garage, contact local wildlife control or a professional snake removal service. Attempting to capture or harm a snake can lead to bites, even from non-venomous species. Understanding snake behavior and maintaining a respectful distance helps ensure safety for both humans and wildlife.