North Carolina is home to a thriving bear population, an integral part of the state’s diverse wildlife. Bear populations have seen a notable increase, growing from an estimated 2,000 individuals in 1970 to over 20,000 currently. This recovery highlights effective conservation efforts.
North Carolina’s Bear Species
The American black bear, Ursus americanus, is the sole bear species found in North Carolina and throughout the eastern United States. It represents the largest mammal in North Carolina. These bears typically exhibit a black coat with a brown muzzle, though some individuals may display chocolate or cinnamon brown fur, or a white patch on their chest.
American black bears are omnivores, consuming a wide range of foods including berries, nuts, grasses, insects, and occasionally small mammals or fish. Their diet frequently includes agricultural crops like wheat, corn, and peanuts, particularly in the coastal plain. Adult male black bears typically weigh between 130 and 660 pounds, while females generally range from 90 to 175 pounds. A record-setting black bear, weighing 880 pounds, was documented in Eastern North Carolina. These animals possess a keen sense of smell and hearing, and are capable of running up to 35 miles per hour, as well as being adept climbers and swimmers.
Where Bears Roam in North Carolina
Black bears are found across approximately 60% of North Carolina’s land area, with sightings reported in all 100 counties. Their primary populations are concentrated in two distinct geographical regions: the mountainous western part of the state and the expansive coastal plain in the east. Mountain habitats provide extensive forested areas that support bear populations.
The coastal plain offers a suitable environment, characterized by extensive swamps, pocosins, and lowland hardwoods. This region, including the Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula, has some of the highest black bear densities globally. The mild winters and abundant food sources, including agricultural fields, allow coastal bears to remain active for longer periods compared to their mountain counterparts, who may enter dormancy. While less common, bears are expanding their range into the Piedmont region, though they are often transient in this central area.
Living Safely Alongside Bears
Black bears are naturally shy and prefer to avoid human interaction. However, conflicts can arise when bears become accustomed to human food sources. There have been no recorded unprovoked bear attacks in North Carolina. Implementing safety measures helps prevent negative encounters and promotes coexistence.
Secure all food, garbage, and recycling. Food odors attract bears, so use bear-resistant containers, store trash in secure locations like garages or sheds, and only place garbage curbside on collection day. Remove bird feeders when bears are active and never leave pet food outdoors, as these items are highly appealing to bears. Grills should be thoroughly cleaned of grease and food residue after use and stored in a secure area. Sharing information about bear activity with neighbors can help the community respond effectively.
If a bear encounter occurs, remain calm. Do not run, as this might trigger a chase response. Instead, slowly back away while making yourself appear larger by waving your arms and making noise, such as shouting or clapping. Always ensure the bear has a clear escape route and avoid cornering it. Do not approach a bear, especially if cubs are present.
In the unlikely event of a physical attack by a black bear, fighting back is the recommended response, rather than playing dead. Carrying EPA-registered bear pepper spray can be a deterrent.