Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, a vital part of the body’s immune network. While lymphoma itself typically does not directly cause hair loss, the treatments employed to combat the disease very commonly do.
Does Lymphoma Directly Cause Hair Loss?
Lymphoma generally does not directly cause hair shedding. However, in very rare instances, it might indirectly contribute to hair thinning or loss, such as if the disease causes severe nutritional deficiencies or significant stress. In extremely uncommon situations, specific types of cutaneous lymphoma affecting the skin, or paraneoplastic syndromes linked to lymphoma, might directly damage hair follicles, leading to hair loss.
Hair Loss from Lymphoma Treatments
The most common reason for hair loss in lymphoma patients is the treatment itself. Cancer therapies target rapidly dividing cells, and unfortunately, hair follicle cells are among the fastest growing cells in the body.
Chemotherapy
Many chemotherapy drugs are designed to destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells. Hair follicle cells also divide quickly, making them susceptible to these powerful medications. This often leads to a type of rapid, widespread hair loss known as anagen effluvium, where hair sheds extensively across the scalp. The extent of hair loss can vary significantly depending on the specific chemotherapy agents used, their dosage, and the individual’s reaction. Hair loss typically begins 2 to 4 weeks after starting chemotherapy and continues throughout treatment.
Radiation Therapy
Hair loss from radiation therapy differs from chemotherapy-induced hair loss because it is usually localized. Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target cancer cells in a specific area. If the treated area includes the head or scalp, hair loss will occur only in that region. The hair loss can be temporary or permanent, depending on the radiation dose and the extent of damage to the hair follicles. Higher doses of radiation are more likely to cause permanent hair loss.
Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies
While less common or severe than the hair loss associated with chemotherapy, some newer targeted therapies and immunotherapies can still cause hair thinning or changes. These treatments work differently than traditional chemotherapy, but they can still impact hair growth. The hair loss experienced with these therapies is often partial or thinning, rather than complete baldness.
Stem Cell Transplant
A stem cell transplant, often used in lymphoma treatment, typically involves high-dose chemotherapy. This intensive regimen frequently leads to significant and complete hair loss.
Managing Hair Loss During Treatment
Managing hair loss during lymphoma treatment involves practical steps and emotional support. Before treatment, individuals might consider a shorter haircut or shaving their head to ease the transition when hair loss starts. This can reduce distress.
Gentle hair care practices are important during hair loss. Using mild shampoos and soft brushes can help protect the sensitive scalp. Many find comfort using wigs, scarves, hats, and turbans. Scalp cooling caps may help reduce hair loss for some patients by limiting chemotherapy to hair follicles. However, scalp cooling is generally not recommended for individuals with lymphoma, as it could potentially protect lymphoma cells in the scalp from chemotherapy.
The emotional impact of hair loss can be significant. It is a visible reminder of the disease and treatment, affecting self-esteem. Seeking emotional support from friends, family, or support groups can be beneficial.
What to Expect for Hair Regrowth
Hair regrowth typically begins weeks to months after lymphoma treatment concludes. For many, hair starts to grow back within 3 to 6 months after the last chemotherapy session. Initially, the new hair might appear as fine “peach fuzz” before becoming thicker.
The new hair might initially have a different texture, color, or thickness than before treatment. Some individuals experience “chemo curls,” where previously straight hair grows back curly, or changes in color. These changes are usually temporary, and hair often returns to its original texture and color over time, though this can take several months to a year or more. If significant regrowth is not observed after 6 to 12 months, or if there are other concerns about scalp health, consulting a doctor is advisable.