Dental fillings are restorative materials dentists use to repair teeth damaged by decay or minor fractures. They restore the tooth’s function and shape, preventing further damage. While designed to be durable, these restorations can become dislodged or fall out over time.
Immediate Sensations
Losing a dental filling can lead to sensations from no pain to sharp discomfort, depending on the tooth’s condition and cavity depth. The most common sensation experienced is sensitivity, often triggered by changes in temperature or pressure. This occurs because the dentin, the layer of tooth structure beneath the enamel, becomes exposed. Dentin contains microscopic tubules that lead directly to the pulp, where the tooth’s nerve resides.
When these dentinal tubules are exposed, external stimuli like cold air, hot liquids, or sweet foods can stimulate nerve endings, causing sudden, sharp pain. If the original decay was deep, losing the filling might expose the nerve more directly, leading to more intense and throbbing pain. Food particles can also become lodged in the exposed cavity, irritating the pulp and causing pressure. Without the filling, the tooth is no longer protected from chewing forces, making it sensitive when biting down.
Common Reasons for Filling Loss
Several factors can contribute to a dental filling becoming dislodged. A frequent cause is secondary decay, which occurs underneath or around the existing filling. Bacteria can penetrate tiny gaps, leading to new decay that compromises the tooth and the filling’s bond. Over time, fillings can also wear down or fracture due to constant chewing forces and material aging.
Biting on hard foods or objects (e.g., ice, hard candy) can exert significant force on a filling, causing it to crack or pop out. A direct traumatic impact to the mouth can also dislodge a restoration. Older fillings, particularly those made of amalgam, may expand and contract with temperature changes, weakening the surrounding tooth structure or the bond. Teeth grinding (bruxism) places excessive stress on teeth and existing fillings, gradually loosening or fracturing them.
Steps to Take After Losing a Filling
Upon realizing a filling has fallen out, contact a dental professional to schedule an appointment as soon as possible. Delaying treatment can lead to increased sensitivity, further tooth decay, or even a fracture. While waiting for your appointment, there are several temporary measures you can take to manage discomfort and protect the tooth.
Rinsing your mouth gently with warm salt water can help clean the area and reduce inflammation. Avoid chewing on the side of your mouth where the filling was lost to prevent further damage or nerve irritation. If the area is sensitive, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage discomfort. Some pharmacies sell temporary dental filling materials that can be placed into the cavity to provide a temporary barrier against food particles and temperature changes. These materials are not a permanent solution but can offer relief until you can see your dentist, who will assess the tooth and determine the most appropriate long-term restoration.