Jade has been a cherished material for centuries, used in jewelry and decorative objects alike. Its beauty often leads to questions about its durability, particularly its susceptibility to scratches. Understanding this gemstone’s resilience helps in its appreciation and preservation.
The Hardness of Jade
A mineral’s resistance to scratching is called its hardness, measured using the Mohs Hardness Scale. This scale, from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest), compares a mineral’s ability to scratch or be scratched by other materials. Jade encompasses two distinct varieties: nephrite and jadeite. Nephrite registers between 6 and 6.5 on the Mohs scale, while jadeite is slightly higher at 6.5 to 7. For perspective, window glass is about 5.5, and a steel file is 6.5. This means jade, though harder than many everyday objects, can be scratched by materials higher on the Mohs scale, like quartz (7). Despite moderate hardness, jade possesses exceptional toughness due to its unique internal structure. Both nephrite and jadeite are composed of densely interwoven microscopic crystals, making them remarkably resistant to breaking or chipping, a quality distinct from hardness. Nephrite, in particular, is considered one of the toughest natural minerals.
Identifying Potential Scratch Risks
Given jade’s hardness, many common materials pose a scratch risk. Everyday items like steel keys can scratch jade, especially the softer nephrite. Other jewelry containing harder gemstones, such as diamonds (Mohs 10), sapphires (Mohs 9), or rubies (Mohs 9), will also scratch jade. Even common dust, often containing quartz particles, can cause microscopic abrasions over time if not handled carefully. Accidental contact with abrasive surfaces like rough stone or concrete also presents a significant risk. For instance, remove jade rings before gardening, as soil can contain abrasive quartz dust. Dropping jade on hard surfaces can lead to nicks or scratches, even if its toughness prevents shattering. Careless handling, like placing jade jewelry on a countertop or alongside harder items in a bag, increases surface damage likelihood.
Protecting Your Jade from Scratches
Protecting jade from scratches requires careful storage and handling. Store each jade piece separately to prevent rubbing against other jewelry or harder objects. Soft cloth pouches or jewelry boxes with individual compartments are ideal, minimizing contact that could lead to scratches.
Cleaning jade properly also helps maintain its pristine appearance. Use only mild, unscented soap and lukewarm water for cleaning, applied with a soft, lint-free cloth or a soft-bristled toothbrush for intricate areas. Avoid harsh chemicals, abrasive cleaners, and ultrasonic cleaners, as they can damage the jade’s surface or any treatments. After cleaning, gently pat the jade dry with a soft cloth to prevent water spots and restore its natural luster.