Hemorrhoids are a widespread condition characterized by swollen and inflamed veins located around the anus or in the lower rectum. This issue affects about half of all individuals by age 50. Many people turn to over-the-counter (OTC) creams as an initial treatment to alleviate symptoms.
How Hemorrhoid Creams Work
Hemorrhoid creams contain active ingredients that provide symptom relief. Vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, temporarily narrow blood vessels in the affected area, reducing swelling and discomfort by decreasing blood flow.
Local anesthetics, including lidocaine and pramoxine, numb the affected area to alleviate pain and itching. They block nerve signals in the skin, reducing pain, burning, and itching. Lidocaine typically works within 30 to 60 minutes, providing relief for one to three hours.
Protectants, such as petrolatum, mineral oil, glycerin, and zinc oxide, form a physical barrier on the skin. This barrier protects irritated skin from further damage. Some creams also include astringents like witch hazel, which helps reduce discomfort and itching.
Effectiveness and What to Expect
Hemorrhoid creams primarily offer symptomatic relief, addressing pain, itching, burning, and swelling. They are not a cure for hemorrhoids but manage symptoms temporarily. Relief from symptoms like itching, pain, and burning can often be felt almost right away.
Consistent application is important, with creams typically used up to four times daily, often in the morning, at bedtime, or after each bowel movement. Signs of healing, such as reduced swelling and discomfort, should become apparent within seven days of consistent use. If symptoms persist beyond this period, the cream may not be sufficiently addressing the issue.
While generally well-tolerated, hemorrhoid creams can cause mild side effects. Temporary burning, stinging, or local irritation may occur upon application. If these effects last or worsen, consult a healthcare professional.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams provide temporary relief, professional medical attention becomes necessary in certain situations. One indicator is persistent bleeding, especially if the toilet water turns red or if there are large blood clots. Although hemorrhoids can cause bleeding, it is also a symptom of more serious conditions that require proper diagnosis.
Seek medical advice if your symptoms do not improve after approximately seven days of using hemorrhoid cream as directed. A doctor’s visit is also recommended if you experience severe pain that disrupts your daily life or if the hemorrhoids become prolapsed and do not recede on their own. These signs suggest that over-the-counter treatments may not be sufficient.