Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive condition where stomach contents, including acid, flow back into the esophagus, irritating its lining. Heart palpitations are sensations of a fast-beating, fluttering, or pounding heart. Many individuals with GERD also experience heart palpitations, raising questions about a potential connection.
The Connection Between GERD and Heart Palpitations
GERD can influence heart rhythm through the vagus nerve, which regulates digestion and heart rate. When acid reflux irritates the esophagus, it can stimulate the vagus nerve, potentially leading to irregular heart rhythms or an increased heart rate.
The esophagus’s close proximity to the heart also contributes. Esophageal irritation or spasms from acid reflux can be perceived as chest tightness or discomfort, potentially triggering palpitations. Pressure on the diaphragm from GERD-related gas or bloating can also affect heart rhythm.
GERD can induce stress and anxiety, known triggers for heart palpitations. This can create a cycle where GERD symptoms heighten anxiety, leading to palpitations. Studies suggest people with GERD may have a higher likelihood of experiencing certain heart rhythm disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation.
Other Potential Causes of Heart Palpitations
While GERD can contribute, heart palpitations arise from various non-digestive sources. Emotional responses like stress, anxiety, and panic attacks are frequent causes. Lifestyle choices also play a role, with caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and certain medications known to trigger these sensations.
Other medical conditions can also cause heart palpitations, including dehydration, hormonal fluctuations (e.g., during pregnancy or menopause), thyroid disorders, and anemia. Underlying heart conditions like arrhythmias or structural issues can also cause palpitations, necessitating a comprehensive medical evaluation to determine the precise cause.
Seeking Medical Advice and Managing Symptoms
It is important to seek medical attention if heart palpitations are persistent, worsen, or are accompanied by other symptoms. Immediate medical evaluation is necessary if palpitations occur with chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting. Consulting a healthcare provider is recommended for any new or concerning palpitations, even if GERD is suspected.
Managing GERD symptoms can often alleviate associated palpitations. This involves dietary adjustments, such as avoiding trigger foods like spicy, fatty, or acidic items, and eating smaller, more frequent meals. Lifestyle changes, including elevating the head of the bed during sleep and avoiding late-night eating, can help reduce acid reflux. Over-the-counter antacids or prescribed medications for GERD can also be effective in controlling symptoms and potentially reducing GERD-related palpitations.