Is sweating a symptom of COVID-19? While fever and cough are well-known, the presence of sweating, especially during sleep, often raises concerns. This article clarifies the relationship between COVID-19 and sweating, exploring the body’s natural responses to infection and other potential causes.
Sweating as a COVID-19 Symptom
Sweating, particularly night sweats, has been reported by individuals with COVID-19. Night sweats are characterized by profuse sweating during sleep that can soak clothing and bedding. While not a primary symptom like fever or cough, it can occur as the body responds to the infection. Some reports indicate over 40% of patients with Omicron and Delta variants experienced heavy perspiration.
This sweating is often associated with the body fighting off the infection, as fever is a common component of COVID-19. However, some individuals experience sweating even without a high fever, suggesting other factors are involved in their body’s response.
The Body’s Fever and Immune Response
When a viral infection, such as SARS-CoV-2, enters the body, the immune system initiates a defense mechanism. Immune cells release specific molecules called cytokines, which act as endogenous pyrogens. These cytokines signal the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus, serving as the body’s thermostat, then raises the body’s temperature set point, leading to a fever.
Fever is a physiological response designed to create an environment less favorable for viral replication and to enhance immune cell activity. As the body temperature rises to meet this new, higher set point, individuals may experience chills and shivering to generate more heat. Once the fever “breaks,” the hypothalamus lowers the set point. To dissipate excess heat and return to a normal temperature, the body activates sweat glands, resulting in sweating.
Other Potential Causes of Sweating
While sweating can be linked to COVID-19, it is a general symptom stemming from various unrelated causes. Emotional states like anxiety or stress can trigger sweating due to the body’s “fight-or-flight” response. Certain medications, including antidepressants, hormone therapies, or drugs for low blood sugar, may also lead to increased perspiration.
Other infections, such as influenza or tuberculosis, frequently cause fever accompanied by sweating. Hormonal fluctuations, like those during menopause, are a common cause of night sweats. Additionally, conditions such as hyperthyroidism, which involves an overactive thyroid gland, or hyperhidrosis can result in significant perspiration.
When to Seek Medical Guidance
If you experience unusual sweating, especially night sweats, consider accompanying symptoms. If sweating occurs alongside common COVID-19 symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, or a change in taste or smell, get tested for the virus. Contact a healthcare professional for advice and guidance.
Seek immediate medical attention if sweating is accompanied by severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain, new confusion, or inability to wake or stay awake. These indicate a more severe illness. Consult a doctor if you are concerned about your symptoms or if they worsen.