An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped device placed into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. As a long-acting reversible contraceptive, it offers effective birth control for several years. Many breastfeeding parents wonder if an IUD might impact their milk supply. This article explores the relationship between IUDs and lactation.
Understanding IUD Types
IUDs fall into two main categories: hormonal and non-hormonal. Hormonal IUDs release progestin directly into the uterus. Non-hormonal IUDs are typically made of copper and do not release hormones. This difference is crucial for understanding their potential influence on milk production.
Hormonal IUDs and Breastfeeding
Hormonal IUDs release progestin. Unlike combination birth control pills that contain estrogen, hormonal IUDs do not contain estrogen, which is known to potentially interfere with milk supply. Progestin-only contraception is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding and typically does not negatively affect milk production for most individuals. Research indicates that hormonal IUDs, even when inserted immediately postpartum, do not delay the onset of lactation or affect breastfeeding success rates. The amount of progestin released by these devices is localized and results in very low levels in the bloodstream, minimizing systemic effects.
Non-Hormonal IUDs and Breastfeeding
Non-hormonal IUDs, often referred to as copper IUDs, function by releasing copper ions into the uterus, creating an inflammatory reaction that is toxic to sperm and eggs, thereby preventing fertilization. Because these devices do not release hormones, they have no physiological mechanism to interfere with the complex hormonal processes involved in milk production. This absence of hormonal interaction means that copper IUDs are considered a non-issue concerning milk supply for breastfeeding individuals.
Common Factors Affecting Milk Supply
If a breastfeeding parent experiences a perceived decrease in milk supply after IUD insertion, it is often due to other common factors unrelated to the IUD itself. Infrequent or ineffective milk removal, such as missed feedings or a baby with a poor latch, can signal the body to produce less milk. Supplementation with formula also reduces the demand for breast milk, which can lower supply.
Inadequate nutrition or dehydration in the breastfeeding parent can also impact milk production. High levels of stress and fatigue are additional factors that can negatively influence a parent’s milk supply. Certain medications, including some cold and flu tablets, may also have an effect on lactation.
The natural settling of milk supply after the initial postpartum surge, typically occurring between 3 to 12 weeks postpartum, can sometimes be mistaken for a decrease in supply. During this period, breasts may feel softer and less full, which is a normal adjustment as the body becomes more efficient at milk production, not an indication of low supply. These factors are more common explanations for changes in milk supply than the presence of an IUD.
When to Seek Medical Advice
If you have persistent concerns about your milk supply or are weighing your contraceptive options while breastfeeding, consulting a healthcare provider is a sensible step. A doctor, midwife, or lactation consultant can help assess the cause of any milk supply issues. These professionals can also provide personalized guidance on the most appropriate contraceptive method for your circumstances.