Amoxicillin is a widely prescribed antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, from ear and throat infections to certain skin conditions. A common question concerns its proper storage, particularly whether refrigeration is needed. Correct storage ensures the medication’s effectiveness and safety.
Amoxicillin Storage Guidelines
Amoxicillin storage depends significantly on its form. Tablets and capsules typically do not require refrigeration and should be kept at room temperature, ideally between 68°F and 77°F (20°C and 25°C). These solid forms maintain potency for an extended period when stored in a cool, dry place away from direct light and moisture.
Liquid amoxicillin, often prepared by a pharmacist by mixing a powdered form with water, has different storage requirements. Once reconstituted, it needs to be stored in a refrigerator at temperatures between 35°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C). This liquid suspension remains effective for a limited time, typically 7 to 14 days, after mixing. Shake the bottle well before each use to ensure active ingredients are evenly distributed.
Why Refrigeration for Liquid Amoxicillin
Refrigeration is recommended for liquid amoxicillin suspensions to maintain the medication’s stability and efficacy. Cooler temperatures slow the degradation of the active ingredient, amoxicillin, which breaks down in warmer environments. This ensures the antibiotic retains its full strength.
Cooling the suspension also contributes to a more pleasant taste, which is helpful for children often prescribed the liquid form. While some sources indicate liquid amoxicillin may be stable at room temperature for a short period, refrigeration is preferred to preserve potency and palatability. Freezing liquid amoxicillin is not advised, as it can alter its composition and reduce effectiveness.
Consequences of Improper Storage
Failing to store amoxicillin according to recommended guidelines can reduce its effectiveness. When amoxicillin, especially the liquid suspension, is exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range, its active chemical structure can degrade. This degradation means the medication loses potency, becoming less effective against the bacterial infection.
An antibiotic that has lost strength may not successfully eradicate bacteria, potentially leading to treatment failure and prolonged illness. Improper storage can also result in changes to the medication’s physical properties, such as alterations in color, smell, or consistency. These changes indicate the medication has spoiled and should not be used.
Potency Duration and Safe Disposal
Once liquid amoxicillin is mixed with water, its effective lifespan is limited, regardless of storage conditions. The reconstituted suspension is potent for 7 to 14 days when stored in the refrigerator. After this period, the medication loses efficacy and should not be used, even if it appears normal.
Proper disposal of unused or expired amoxicillin is important to prevent accidental ingestion, misuse, and environmental contamination. It is recommended to take unused medication to a drug take-back program or an authorized collection site, often found at pharmacies or community events. If a take-back program is unavailable, medication can be disposed of in household trash by mixing it with an undesirable substance like used coffee grounds or kitty litter, then placing it in a sealed bag before discarding. This deters accidental consumption by children or pets and prevents the medication from being identifiable.