A dislocated jaw occurs when the lower jawbone, the mandible, moves out of its normal position at one or both temporomandibular joints (TMJ). These joints connect the jaw to the skull and allow movement. A dislocated jaw is painful due to the disruption of these structures. This condition requires immediate attention as it can hinder basic functions like speaking and eating.
Understanding the Pain
The pain from a dislocated jaw is intense and sharp, often throbbing. It is concentrated around the jaw joint, but can also radiate to the ears or temples. This discomfort worsens with any attempt to move the jaw, such as talking, swallowing, or yawning.
The pain arises from several factors. Ligaments and muscles surrounding the temporomandibular joint are stretched or torn when the jawbone shifts out of place. Muscle spasms also occur as the body tries to stabilize the joint, contributing to the discomfort. Pressure on nearby nerves also plays a role in the pain.
Accompanying Symptoms
Beyond the immediate pain, a dislocated jaw presents with several signs and limitations. A person with a dislocated jaw cannot close their mouth completely, leaving it noticeably open. The jaw may also appear misaligned or protrude to one side, giving the face an unbalanced appearance.
Speaking and swallowing become difficult due to the jaw’s inability to move properly. Drooling can occur because the mouth cannot be fully closed. Swelling around the affected jaw joint is also a symptom.
What to Do and Treatment
If a dislocated jaw is suspected, seek immediate medical attention. Do not attempt to reposition the jaw yourself. Prompt medical evaluation, often at an emergency room or urgent care facility, helps reduce the risk of further complications.
Healthcare providers will focus on minimizing pain and returning the jaw to its correct alignment. This often involves manually repositioning the jaw, a procedure known as reduction. Before reduction, pain relief medication or muscle relaxants are administered to help the jaw muscles relax, making repositioning easier. Sedation or local anesthesia may also be used to ensure comfort during the procedure.
After the jaw has been repositioned, post-reduction care is important for healing and to prevent recurrence. A healthcare provider may recommend a soft or liquid diet for several weeks to minimize jaw movement and strain. Applying ice packs can help reduce swelling and discomfort, while a special bandage may be used to stabilize the jaw. Patients are advised to avoid opening their mouth too widely for a recovery period.