Wisdom teeth extraction is a common dental procedure involving the removal of one or more molars, often due to impaction or insufficient space. This surgery aims to alleviate pain, prevent overcrowding, and address potential oral health issues. The approach to removal varies depending on the tooth’s position and development.
Situations Requiring Stitches
Stitches are not always required after wisdom teeth extraction, but they are frequently used to promote proper healing and minimize complications. When a wisdom tooth is impacted, meaning it’s partially or fully trapped within the gum or jawbone, the surgeon often makes larger incisions to access and remove it. Complex extractions, especially those involving bony impactions, typically necessitate stitches to close the surgical flap created in the gum tissue.
Stitches help manage bleeding by forming and securing a blood clot in the extraction site. They also reduce the socket opening, preventing food particles and debris from entering the wound, which lowers the risk of infection. Proper closure of the gum tissue with stitches aligns the wound edges, supporting faster healing and tissue regeneration.
Understanding Stitches
Dentists and oral surgeons primarily use two types of stitches after wisdom teeth extraction: dissolvable (resorbable) and non-dissolvable (non-resorbable) sutures. Dissolvable stitches are made from materials the body naturally absorbs, eliminating the need for a follow-up appointment for removal. These stitches typically disintegrate within 7 to 10 days, though this timeframe can vary.
Non-dissolvable stitches are less common but may be used for more secure closure. These are often made of materials like silk or nylon and require a subsequent visit for removal, usually within 7 to 14 days after surgery. Both types stabilize gum tissue, promote protective blood clot formation, and encourage the healing process.
Healing Without Stitches
In some straightforward wisdom teeth extractions, stitches may not be necessary for proper healing. When stitches are not used, the tooth socket heals naturally. A crucial step involves the formation of a blood clot within the empty socket. This blood clot acts as a natural protective barrier, covering the underlying bone and nerves and serving as a foundation for new tissue growth.
Over time, the gum tissue gradually closes over the socket, and new bone fills the space. This natural healing method is effective for less complex extractions where the surgical site is small and the risk of complications like dry socket is minimal. Adhering to post-operative care instructions is important to ensure the blood clot remains undisturbed and the area heals without issue.
Post-Extraction Recovery
Managing the recovery process after wisdom teeth extraction is important for a smooth and comfortable healing period.
Bleeding: Expect bleeding for approximately 24 hours. Control it by biting firmly on a damp gauze pad for 30 to 60 minutes, replacing it as needed. Elevating the head with pillows can also help minimize bleeding.
Swelling: Swelling is common, typically peaking 2 to 3 days after surgery. Reduce it by applying ice packs to the outside of the cheek for 20 minutes on and 20 minutes off during the first 24 to 48 hours. After this period, switching to warm compresses can help reduce swelling.
Pain Management: Pain management often involves over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, or prescription medication if necessary. Take pain medication with food to prevent nausea.
Diet: A soft food diet is recommended for the first 5 to 7 days. Include options like yogurt, mashed potatoes, applesauce, and soups, while avoiding hot, spicy, or crunchy foods.
Oral Hygiene: Maintain oral hygiene by gently brushing teeth, avoiding the surgical site for the first 24 hours. After 24 hours, gently rinse with warm salt water several times a day. Avoid vigorous rinsing, spitting, or using straws, as these actions can dislodge the protective blood clot and lead to dry socket.
Activity: Rest is important, and strenuous activity should be avoided for several days to prevent increased bleeding and swelling.
When to Contact Your Dentist: Contact your dentist or oral surgeon if there is excessive bleeding, severe pain not controlled by medication, increased swelling after 72 hours, fever, or a foul-tasting discharge.