A vaginal yeast infection is a common fungal infection affecting the vagina and the surrounding vulva. This condition arises from an overgrowth of the fungus Candida, which naturally exists in small amounts in the vagina. Many individuals wonder when to seek medical attention for symptoms.
Identifying Symptoms
Vaginal yeast infections present with symptoms. These include itching and irritation in the vaginal area and around the vulva. A burning sensation, especially during urination or sexual intercourse, is also reported.
The vulva, the external tissues around the vaginal opening, may appear red and swollen. Individuals may also experience vaginal pain and soreness. A characteristic symptom is a thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge that often resembles cottage cheese.
When to Seek Professional Care
While over-the-counter treatments are available, consulting a healthcare provider, such as an OB/GYN, is recommended for a suspected yeast infection in several situations. This is advised if it is the first time you are experiencing symptoms, as they can mimic other conditions like sexually transmitted infections (STIs). An OB/GYN can accurately diagnose the condition and rule out other potential causes.
If symptoms do not improve after using over-the-counter medications, or if they worsen, a doctor’s visit is warranted. The infection may be more severe, caused by a less common type of fungus, or indicate an underlying issue. Recurrent infections, defined as four or more in a single year, also require medical evaluation, as this may signal an underlying health condition such as uncontrolled diabetes or a weakened immune system.
Pregnant individuals should always consult their doctor for yeast infection symptoms, as certain treatments may not be suitable during pregnancy. People with underlying health conditions like diabetes or a compromised immune system (due to conditions like HIV or certain medications) should also consult a doctor. Consult a doctor if there’s a possibility of exposure to an STI, given the overlap in symptoms.
What to Expect During a Visit
When you visit an OB/GYN for a suspected yeast infection, the appointment will begin with a discussion of your symptoms and a review of your medical history, including any previous vaginal infections or STIs. This helps the healthcare provider understand the context of your current concerns.
Following the discussion, a pelvic exam will be performed. During this exam, the doctor will visually inspect your external genitals for signs of infection, such as redness or swelling. A speculum will then be used to gently hold the vaginal walls open, allowing for a clear view of the vagina and cervix.
To confirm the diagnosis, the healthcare provider may take a sample of your vaginal discharge using a cotton swab. This sample can then be examined under a microscope to identify an overgrowth of Candida fungus or sent for a culture to determine the specific type of fungus causing the infection. Based on the diagnosis, treatment options may include prescription antifungal creams, suppositories inserted into the vagina, or oral antifungal medications like fluconazole. It is important to complete the entire course of prescribed treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully resolved.