Tarantulas live in Texas and are a common presence across much of the state. Many people encounter these large, hairy spiders, particularly in rural or undeveloped areas. Understanding these arachnids can help Texans coexist with them.
Understanding Texas Tarantulas
The Texas Brown Tarantula (Aphonopelma hentzi) is the most frequently encountered tarantula in Texas. This species is native to the southwestern United States and is well-adapted to the region’s warm, dry conditions. They are terrestrial spiders.
These tarantulas typically measure between 1.4 to 2 inches in body length, with a leg span that can extend up to 4 inches. Their coloration ranges from light to dark brown, and their bodies are covered in fine, velvety hairs, giving them a fuzzy appearance. Females are generally larger than males. They construct burrows up to two feet deep in grasslands, scrublands, and desert environments.
Texas Brown Tarantulas are nocturnal hunters, emerging at night to seek prey. Their diet mainly consists of insects such as grasshoppers, crickets, and beetles, but they may also consume small vertebrates. Unlike some other spiders, Aphonopelma hentzi does not weave webs for catching prey; instead, they line their burrows with silk for structural support and protection. These tarantulas are docile and non-aggressive towards humans. Females can have long lifespans, sometimes living 30 to over 40 years, while males typically live only a few years after reaching maturity.
Living Alongside Texas Tarantulas
Encounters with Texas tarantulas are most frequent during the late summer and fall, typically from August through October. This period marks the mating season, when male tarantulas leave their burrows and actively wander in search of females.
Despite their size, Texas tarantulas pose little threat to humans. Their venom is mild and not medically significant. A bite, though painful, is generally comparable to a bee sting, resulting in localized pain, redness, and swelling. While rare, some individuals may experience an allergic reaction, similar to reactions to bee stings, which would require medical attention.
When threatened, a tarantula will typically try to escape. If cornered or provoked, it might adopt a defensive posture by rearing up on its hind legs to appear larger. Additionally, they possess urticating hairs on their abdomen, which they can kick off as a defense mechanism. These microscopic hairs can cause skin irritation, itching, and redness if they come into contact with skin or eyes.
The best course of action upon encountering a tarantula is to observe it from a distance and avoid provoking it. If a bite occurs, cleaning the area with soap and water and applying ice can help manage symptoms.