Starfish, often called sea stars, are marine invertebrates that inhabit oceans across the globe. These creatures, belonging to the class Asteroidea, display a wide range of forms and colors. They are known for their radial symmetry, typically featuring a central disc and five or more arms radiating outwards. With approximately 1,900 known species, starfish play diverse roles in marine ecosystems.
Starfish and Their Environment
Starfish are found in various marine environments worldwide, ranging from warm tropical waters to frigid polar regions. They primarily live on the seabed, inhabiting sandy, muddy, and rocky substrates, from shallow intertidal zones down to abyssal depths of 6,000 meters.
While some species do seek shelter under rocks, it is not a universal habitat for all starfish, nor is it their primary “home.” Many starfish are common in tide pools, which are natural depressions in rocks that trap seawater at low tide, providing a temporary living space. They are also found on rocky shores, in coral reefs, kelp forests, and seagrass meadows. Starfish are exclusively marine animals and cannot survive in freshwater environments.
Reasons for Seeking Shelter
Starfish, like many marine organisms, seek shelter for several reasons, including protection from predators and harsh environmental conditions. Predators such as fish, sea turtles, snails, crabs, birds, and even other starfish can pose a threat. Some species hide under rocks or burrow into sand and mud.
These hiding spots also offer refuge from strong ocean currents that might dislodge them. During low tide, when exposed to air, starfish seek moist areas like tide pools, rock crevices, or under seaweed to prevent drying out and to cope with extreme temperature fluctuations. Additionally, hiding under rocks can be a strategy for foraging, as these spots often harbor small marine animals like mollusks, a primary food source for many sea stars.
Encountering Starfish Responsibly
Observing starfish in their natural habitat can be a rewarding experience, but responsible interaction is important for their well-being. Removing starfish from the water, even briefly, can cause them harm. Starfish breathe through tiny tube feet and skin gills, which collapse and hinder oxygen absorption when out of water, potentially leading to suffocation.
Handling them can also inflict stress and transfer harmful chemicals like sunscreens or lotions from human skin, which are toxic to their permeable bodies. The delicate mucus layer that protects their skin can be disrupted by touch, making them vulnerable to infection. It is best to observe these animals without touching or disturbing their natural environment. Supporting conservation efforts and educating others about responsible marine interactions helps protect these important creatures and their ecosystems.