Ecdysis, the process by which snakes shed their outer layer of skin, is a biological event. It is important for their continued growth, the repair of damaged skin, and the removal of external parasites. All snakes regularly undergo this transformation.
Eating Habits During Ecdysis
Snakes generally do not eat during shedding. This is due to factors that make feeding challenging and risky. As the old skin prepares to shed, a fluid layer forms between the old and new skin, which causes the snake’s eyes to become cloudy or milky, often called “in blue” or “opaque.” This impaired vision makes it difficult for the snake to locate and strike prey accurately, increasing vulnerability.
Shedding can also be an uncomfortable and stressful experience. They may feel exposed and defensive, leading to a disinterest in food. While some snakes might accept food during the early shedding, offering live prey is discouraged due to injury risk. This period of reduced appetite typically lasts a few days to a couple of weeks.
Understanding the Shedding Process
The shedding process involves physiological changes that prepare the snake for discarding its old skin. A snake’s skin may appear duller and its colors faded as a new layer of skin forms beneath. The most noticeable sign is the clouding of the eyes, known as the “blue phase,” caused by lymph and enzyme-rich fluid accumulates between the old and new eye caps.
After several days, the eyes will clear, indicating that the old and new skin layers have fully separated. At this point, the snake is ready to shed the outer layer. The snake will typically begin by rubbing its head against rough surfaces, such as rocks, branches, or enclosure decorations, to create a tear in the old skin around its mouth or nose. Once a tear is made, the snake continues to slither and push against objects, effectively peeling the old skin off inside out, much like removing a sock. A healthy shed results in the old skin coming off in a single, intact piece, including the clear eye caps.
Caring for a Shedding Snake
Supporting a snake through its shedding process involves creating optimal environmental conditions. Maintaining appropriate humidity levels in the enclosure is very important, as this helps ensure the old skin separates smoothly and completely. Providing a humid hide, a small enclosed space with a damp substrate like sphagnum moss, offers an ideal spot for the snake to retreat to during this sensitive time. Rough surfaces such as driftwood, rocks, or cork bark also allow the snake to rub against them, assisting in the removal of the old skin.
During the shedding period, it is best to minimize handling the snake, as it can be stressed and feel vulnerable due to its impaired vision. Attempting to force-feed a snake that is not interested in food should also be avoided, as this can cause further stress or even regurgitation. A successful shed is indicated by a complete, single piece of shed skin found in the enclosure. If the shed is incomplete, with pieces of skin remaining on the snake, particularly around the eye caps or tail, warm soaks can sometimes help loosen the retained skin. If problems persist, consulting a veterinarian specializing in reptiles is advisable to address any underlying health issues or provide assistance with stubborn retained skin.