Snakeheads are freshwater fish known for their predatory nature and snake-like appearance. Native to Africa and Asia, they can breathe atmospheric air, allowing them to survive out of water for short periods and even move across land. A common question arises regarding their interaction with humans, specifically whether they pose a biting risk.
Understanding Snakehead Behavior
Snakeheads can bite humans. While generally not aggressive, many species are shy and avoid contact. Their behavior changes when protecting eggs or young. The giant snakehead, for example, is known for aggression when guarding its nest.
These fish possess strong jaws and sharp, conical teeth. Their teeth are adapted for piercing and grasping prey. They use their teeth to tear flesh and crush bone, consuming a diverse diet of other fish, crustaceans, frogs, and occasionally small reptiles or birds. Despite their formidable teeth, humans are not considered a natural prey item for snakeheads.
Circumstances of a Bite
Snakehead bites are typically defensive, not unprovoked attacks. They occur when the fish feel threatened or are provoked. The most common scenario is when parent snakeheads protect their eggs or young (fry).
Parents guard their “fry ball” for weeks, exhibiting heightened territoriality. Any perceived intrusion into their nesting area can elicit an aggressive response. Bites can also occur if a snakehead is handled carelessly, such as during fishing. Even smaller snakehead species can deliver a painful bite due to their sharp teeth. Snakeheads are not venomous; the primary concern following a bite is infection.
Safety Precautions and Encounter Guidelines
Maintain a safe distance when encountering snakeheads in their habitat. Never attempt to handle these fish directly due to their strong jaws and defensive biting. For anglers, using specialized tools like lip-grippers can help control the fish safely and minimize the risk of a bite.
If a bite occurs, clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water immediately. Seek medical attention, especially for severe bites, to prevent infection. Report any sightings or captures to local fish and wildlife agencies or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for population monitoring. If caught, a snakehead should not be released; instead, humanely kill it (e.g., by freezing or removing internal organs) to prevent its spread.