The sheepshead fish, known for its distinctive dentition, often sparks curiosity about biting humans. It prompts questions about its teeth and potential biting risk. Understanding this species clarifies its behavior and minimizes concerns.
Understanding Sheepshead Fish
The sheepshead fish (Archosargus probatocephalus) is a marine fish recognized by its silver-gray body marked with five to seven vertical black stripes, which has earned it the nickname “convict fish.” Its mouth contains strong, flattened teeth resembling human molars and incisors, with front teeth like incisors and back teeth like molars, arranged in multiple rows.
These teeth are adapted for crushing and grinding the hard shells of prey like barnacles, crabs, shrimp, mussels, and oysters. Sheepshead are omnivores, and their diet can also include some plant material. They inhabit coastal waters, estuaries, and salt marshes, preferring areas with hard structures like jetties, pilings, oyster beds, and rocky areas, where food sources are abundant. Sheepshead are often found in small groups and adapt to various salinity levels.
When Sheepshead Fish Might Bite
Sheepshead fish do not attack humans in their natural environment, and bites are rare. They are not aggressive and usually swim away from human encounters. However, a bite can occur as a defensive reaction when the fish feels threatened or is mishandled.
Most bites involve anglers handling the fish, especially when removing hooks or holding it. Their strong, human-like teeth are designed for crushing, resulting in a strong clamp or pressure, not a tearing wound. Though the bite may not break the skin deeply due to their blunt molars, it can still cause pain and some bleeding from the pressure. Accidental contact in murky waters or provocation can also lead to a bite.
Safely Coexisting with Sheepshead Fish
To minimize the potential for a sheepshead bite, observe certain precautions. For anglers, proper handling techniques are important. Using tools such as pliers or dehookers for hook removal can prevent direct contact with the fish’s mouth and teeth. When landing a sheepshead, using a net can help secure the fish and reduce the need for direct hand contact. Anglers should also be mindful of the fish’s sharp dorsal fin spines, which can cause injury.
For swimmers or divers, maintaining a respectful distance from sheepshead in their natural habitat is advised. While they are not aggressive, it is best to avoid any actions that could be perceived as threatening, such as attempting to feed them by hand. In the unlikely event of a sheepshead bite, the wound should be cleaned thoroughly with soap and water. If the bite is deep, continues to bleed, shows signs of infection, or causes significant pain, seeking medical attention is advisable.