Shark encounters while operating a personal watercraft, such as a jet ski, are exceedingly rare. The likelihood of a shark intentionally attacking a jet ski is very low, making it an infrequent concern for riders. Instances of aggressive behavior directed at these vessels are uncommon. Primary safety considerations for jet skiers typically involve other factors, rather than the threat of a shark attack.
Understanding Shark Behavior Near Watercraft
Sharks possess sophisticated senses. Their acute hearing detects low-frequency sounds, similar to wounded prey, from considerable distances. Jet skis generate noise and vibrations underwater, which sharks perceive through their sensitive lateral line system, an organ that detects water movement. This system differentiates between the subtle movements of healthy versus injured fish.
Sharks also use electroreception, specifically their Ampullae of Lorenzini, to detect weak electrical fields produced by living organisms at close range. Despite these senses, sharks primarily feed on natural prey. They do not typically recognize man-made objects like jet skis as food. The rapid movement and constant noise of a jet ski can be disturbing to sharks, often leading them to avoid the area rather than approaching it. While some theories suggest the noise might attract curiosity, the prevailing understanding indicates that a jet ski’s dynamic nature generally deters these animals.
Distinguishing Interactions from Attacks
When sharks interact with watercraft, it is almost always driven by curiosity or investigation, rather than predatory intent. Sharks are inquisitive animals that may approach unfamiliar objects to assess them. If a shark bumps or circles a jet ski, it is likely an exploratory behavior, not an attack. Documented cases of sharks intentionally attacking jet skis as a food source are extremely rare.
Some rare incidents may be attributed to a “mistaken identity” theory, particularly for species like great white sharks. From a shark’s perspective, the silhouette and motion of a human swimmer or surfboard can resemble natural prey, such as seals. However, this theory applies more often to interactions with swimmers or surfers, and its direct applicability to jet skis is less common. The International Shark Attack File reported 64 unprovoked shark incidents involving jet skiers between 1993 and 2013, averaging around four per year. This indicates very low odds, about 1 in 25,000, for a jet skier to experience such an event. Even when a shark has rammed or bitten a jet ski, these events are exceptional and often occur in specific contexts, such as the presence of large baitfish schools.
Minimizing Encounter Risk While Jet Skiing
Even though shark encounters are rare, jet skiers can take precautions to reduce risk in marine environments. Avoid areas known for high shark activity, such as locations near seal colonies, active fishing boats, or river mouths, as these often attract sharks seeking prey. Also, stay clear of waters with known sewage discharge, as these can draw baitfish and, consequently, sharks.
The time of day can influence shark activity, with many species being more active during dawn and dusk. Operating a jet ski during these crepuscular hours, when visibility is lower and some prey species are more active, could increase the chance of an encounter. Avoiding murky or dark water is prudent, as poor visibility makes it harder for sharks to identify objects, potentially leading to investigative approaches. Wearing shiny jewelry or brightly colored clothing is not recommended, as these can resemble fish scales or attract a shark’s attention.
If a shark is sighted, remain calm, avoid sudden, erratic movements, and slowly move away. If the engine is off, it may be best to avoid immediately starting it, as sudden noise could draw unwanted attention.