Sand sharks are generally not considered aggressive towards humans. While interactions can occur, bites are rare and typically not life-threatening.
Characteristics of Sand Sharks
Sand sharks are often referred to as sand tiger sharks. These sharks possess a distinctive appearance with a stout body, a pointed snout, and rows of sharp, narrow teeth that are often visible even when their mouths are closed. Young sand tiger sharks may have small dark spots on their light brown to gray bodies, which tend to fade as they mature.
These sharks primarily inhabit coastal waters, frequenting sandy bottoms, continental shelves, and submerged reefs in temperate and subtropical regions across the globe. They are slow-moving and placid. Their diet mainly consists of small fish, crustaceans, squid, and rays, which they capture using their specialized teeth.
Circumstances of Bites
Sand shark bites can occur under specific circumstances, though they are rare. The International Shark Attack File (ISAF) has recorded approximately 36 unprovoked, non-fatal incidents involving sand tiger sharks. These events are not predatory attacks; sand sharks do not view humans as prey. Instead, bites are often defensive reactions, occurring when the shark feels threatened, cornered, or provoked.
Accidental contact in low visibility or mistaken identity, especially during splashing, can also lead to a bite. Interactions with fishing activities, such as sharks attempting to steal caught fish or being handled after capture, are known triggers for defensive bites. While their size and dentition allow for substantial bites, recorded incidents typically result in superficial injuries, and there have been no confirmed human fatalities attributed to sand tiger sharks.
Reducing Risk
Minimizing the risk of a sand shark encounter involves adopting several preventative measures when in their habitat. It is advisable to avoid swimming during low light hours, such as dawn, dusk, or at night, as many sharks are more active and feed during these periods. Swimming with a buddy and staying closer to shore can also reduce risk, as sharks are less likely to approach groups or individuals near the coastline.
Exercising caution in areas between sandbars or near steep drop-offs, which are common shark hangouts, is also recommended. To avoid attracting attention, refrain from wearing shiny jewelry or high-contrast clothing, which can resemble fish scales or prey. Avoiding excessive splashing, which might signal distress to a shark, and maintaining awareness of your surroundings are also important safety practices. If a shark is sighted, remaining calm, maintaining eye contact, and slowly backing away from the water are appropriate responses.