Do Orthotics Work? How They Treat Foot & Ankle Conditions

Orthotics are specialized devices, often shoe inserts, designed to relieve pain and improve the function of the foot and ankle. They are external applications that influence the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems. These devices can range from simple over-the-counter shoe inserts to custom-made devices tailored to an individual’s specific needs. The primary goal of orthotics is to provide support, enhance alignment, and offer cushioning to the feet. They are commonly used to address various foot and lower limb conditions.

How Orthotics Provide Support

Orthotics function by applying biomechanical principles to influence foot and lower limb mechanics. They redistribute pressure across the foot, which helps alleviate stress on specific areas experiencing pain or injury. This redistribution can prevent excessive forces from contributing to foot injuries.

Orthotics provide arch support, stabilizing the foot’s natural arches. By preventing arch collapse, or over-pronation, and controlling inward ankle rolling, orthotics maintain proper foot and ankle alignment during movement. This support helps to improve overall foot function and stability.

Orthotics can correct gait abnormalities, which are deviations in how a person walks or runs. By promoting proper alignment from the ground up, they enhance a more balanced and efficient gait, reducing strain on the ankles, knees, hips, and spine. Orthotics also absorb shock during activities like walking or running, lessening impact forces on the feet and other joints.

Conditions Orthotics Can Address

Orthotics address a range of common foot and ankle conditions, offering relief and improved function.

Plantar Fasciitis

For individuals with plantar fasciitis, characterized by heel pain due to inflammation of the plantar fascia tissue, orthotics provide arch support and cushioning to reduce tension and impact on the affected area. This support helps to alleviate pain and promote healing by reducing stress on the plantar fascia.

Flat Feet

Flat feet, or pes planus, involve a collapsed arch, which can lead to pain and misalignment in the legs, knees, and hips. Orthotics for flat feet provide external arch support and stabilize the heel, helping to restore proper foot alignment and reduce strain on surrounding structures. They aim to control excessive motion of the lower extremity, especially during activities like running.

Bunions

Bunions, a bony bump forming at the base of the big toe, often cause pain and can worsen over time due to misalignment. Orthotics distribute pressure evenly across the foot, reducing strain on the bunion joint and promoting proper toe alignment. While orthotics do not eliminate the deformity, they can help control pain and slow the progression of the bunion by improving foot mechanics.

General Heel Pain

Orthotics are beneficial for general heel pain, providing cushioning and support to alleviate discomfort. The support helps to reduce pressure on sore or injured areas, which can be helpful for conditions like arthritis or tendinitis. By improving overall foot mechanics, orthotics contribute to pain reduction and enhanced mobility.

Types of Orthotics and Their Purpose

Orthotics fall into two main categories: custom-made and over-the-counter (OTC) options, each serving distinct purposes.

Custom Orthotics

Custom orthotics are precisely designed and fabricated based on a detailed assessment of an individual’s unique foot structure and biomechanics. They are made from impressions or 3D scans of the feet, ensuring a perfect match to the foot’s contours and addressing specific functional needs. These personalized devices often use higher-quality, more durable materials like rigid plastics or carbon fiber, allowing for specific biomechanical control and long-term support. Custom orthotics are prescribed by a healthcare professional for individuals with more complex or severe foot conditions that require targeted support and correction.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Orthotics

Over-the-counter orthotics are prefabricated inserts available for general purchase. These are mass-produced to fit a wide range of foot types, offering general cushioning and support. OTC options, often made from materials like foam or gel, can provide comfort and some relief for mild foot discomfort or preventive use. While more affordable and readily available, OTC orthotics lack the specific customization and precise control that custom devices offer, and may not effectively address underlying biomechanical issues for more severe conditions as they are not tailored to an individual’s unique foot structure. The choice between custom and OTC orthotics depends on the severity of the foot issue and the specific support required.

What to Consider When Getting Orthotics

When considering orthotics, consulting a healthcare professional is a logical first step. A podiatrist or orthopedist can assess your specific foot condition and determine if orthotics are an appropriate treatment. This assessment includes a thorough examination of your feet, gait analysis, and evaluation of your overall posture to identify any abnormalities.

The professional will help determine the most suitable type of orthotic for your needs, whether it’s an over-the-counter option for minor issues or a custom-made device for more complex conditions. If custom orthotics are recommended, an impression or scan of your feet will be taken to ensure the device perfectly matches your unique foot structure. Proper fitting is important for the orthotic to function effectively and provide the intended support.

After obtaining orthotics, gradually introduce them, increasing wear time over several days to allow your feet to adjust. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning, and monitoring for any problematic symptoms like swelling or redness, are recommended. Proper footwear that can accommodate the orthotics and provide adequate space for your feet is important to maximize their effectiveness.