The common image of an opossum dangling upside down by its tail is a widespread misconception. While these unique marsupials possess a remarkable prehensile tail, its function is often misunderstood. This article clarifies the actual capabilities of the opossum’s tail and explores other fascinating behaviors, such as their well-known defense mechanism.
The Truth About Hanging
Opossums generally do not hang upside down by their tails for extended periods, and they certainly do not sleep in this position. The tail of an adult opossum is not strong enough to support its full body weight for prolonged suspension. This popular myth likely stems from observations of younger, lighter opossums, who may briefly hang by their tails for a few seconds. While their prehensile tail is capable of grasping, it is primarily used for stability and movement.
The Prehensile Tail’s Real Purpose
The opossum’s tail is a highly adaptable and functional appendage, primarily serving as a tool for balance and grip. This prehensile tail allows the animal to grasp and wrap around objects, aiding in navigation through trees and other elevated structures. It acts as a counterbalance, providing stability as the opossum moves along branches, preventing falls.
Beyond balance, the tail is also employed for practical tasks such as gathering nesting materials. Opossums can use their mouths and front paws to collect leaves and twigs, then curl their tail around the bundle to secure and carry it back to their dens. It functions almost like a fifth limb for manipulation and transport.
The Phenomenon of Playing Possum
The behavior known as “playing possum” is a distinct defense mechanism unrelated to hanging by the tail. Scientifically termed thanatosis or tonic immobility, this is an involuntary physiological response to extreme fear or stress, not a conscious act. When severely threatened, an opossum will enter a comatose-like state, appearing lifeless to deter predators.
During this state, the opossum’s body goes limp, often falling onto its side with its mouth open and tongue lolling out. They may also drool excessively and release a foul-smelling, greenish fluid from their anal glands, mimicking the odor of decay to dissuade attackers. Breathing and heart rate slow to an almost imperceptible level, convincing predators that the animal is deceased and therefore unappealing. This catatonic state can last from a few minutes to several hours, with the opossum remaining still until it senses the danger has passed.