A membrane sweep is a common procedure offered in late pregnancy to encourage the onset of labor. Understanding how it works and what to expect can help clarify its role in the labor process.
What is a Membrane Sweep?
A membrane sweep, also known as membrane stripping, involves a healthcare provider performing an internal vaginal examination. During this procedure, the provider inserts a gloved finger through the cervix. The finger performs a circular sweeping motion to gently separate the amniotic sac membranes from the lower part of the uterus. The entire process typically takes only a few minutes to complete.
Why Healthcare Providers Offer It
Healthcare providers often suggest a membrane sweep as a low-intervention method to encourage natural labor. This approach aims to stimulate the body’s own processes, potentially reducing the need for more formal medical induction methods like oxytocin or prostaglandin gels. The goal is to prompt the natural release of prostaglandins, which help soften, thin, and open the cervix, preparing it for labor. It is commonly offered as individuals near or pass their estimated due date, usually starting around 39 to 40 weeks of pregnancy.
Does It Really Work?
Research indicates that membrane sweeping can increase the likelihood of spontaneous labor. Studies suggest it may increase the chances of labor starting within 48 hours or a week. For example, a review found that approximately 7 out of 10 women who had a membrane sweep experienced spontaneous labor, compared to about 6 out of 10 who did not. This intervention can also help reduce pregnancies extending beyond 41 weeks, decreasing the need for formal labor induction.
The effectiveness of a membrane sweep can vary among individuals and often depends on the readiness of the cervix. A more “favorable” cervix, one that has already begun to soften and dilate, tends to respond more effectively. While it can be a helpful step, a membrane sweep does not guarantee that labor will start. Some individuals may require multiple sweeps, or labor may not begin at all.
Important Considerations
Individuals undergoing a membrane sweep may experience sensations during and after the procedure. It is common to feel some discomfort or mild pain, often described as similar to a rough pelvic exam. Following the sweep, light vaginal bleeding or spotting and cramping are common. Some might also notice irregular contractions or a mucus “show.”
While generally safe, some considerations exist. There is a small risk of the membranes rupturing (water breaking) during the procedure, although this is usually not a concern if the pregnancy is full-term. A minimal risk of infection exists, as with any internal examination. Contact a healthcare provider immediately if experiencing severe pain or heavy bleeding after the procedure.
Eligibility for a membrane sweep typically requires the cervix to be at least partially dilated, often around 1 to 2 centimeters. It is usually offered to individuals with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies in cephalic presentation, from 39 to 40 weeks gestation or later. Contraindications can include conditions like placenta previa, active genital herpes, or a history of certain uterine surgeries. It is an elective procedure, and individuals can decline it. Alternatives include waiting for labor to begin naturally or considering medical induction if medically indicated.