Mako sharks are marine animals known for their speed and predatory abilities. These highly migratory fish inhabit open ocean environments across tropical and temperate waters worldwide. They are considered apex predators, capable of reaching lengths of up to 12 feet and weights exceeding 1200 pounds. Their streamlined bodies allow them to achieve bursts of speed up to 45 miles per hour, making them among the fastest sharks in the ocean.
Mako Sharks and Human Encounters
Mako shark attacks on humans are exceedingly rare events. Despite their formidable reputation, humans are not a natural part of their diet. The International Shark Attack File (ISAF) indicates a very low number of reported incidents. Through 2022, ISAF data records only a handful of unprovoked attacks worldwide, with only one or two fatalities documented since the 1500s.
For perspective, one is far more likely to be struck by lightning than to be attacked by a shark. This rarity stands in contrast to the higher number of incidents associated with other shark species like great whites, tiger sharks, or bull sharks.
Understanding Attack Scenarios
When interactions between mako sharks and humans do occur, they are most often provoked. A provoked incident happens when a person directly engages with the shark, such as attempting to touch it, feed it, or disturb its natural behavior. Many reported incidents involving shortfin makos are linked to fishing activities, where sharks may be attracted to hooked fish, struggling prey, or bait.
Mistaken identity can also contribute to rare incidents, particularly in murky water or low visibility conditions where a shark might confuse a swimmer or surfer for its typical prey. A shark might also react defensively if it feels threatened in its territory. The presence of bleeding fish, often associated with fishing, can further attract these predators, increasing the potential for an encounter.
Staying Safe in Mako Habitats
Minimizing the risk of encountering a mako shark involves adopting several safety practices. It is advisable to avoid swimming during dawn, dusk, or at night, as these are periods when many sharks are more active and feed. Always swim with a buddy, as solitary individuals may be perceived as easier targets. Staying close to shore also provides an added layer of safety and quicker access to assistance.
Refrain from entering waters where sharks are known to be present, or where fishing activities are occurring, particularly if bait is being used. Avoid areas with poor water visibility, such as river mouths or after heavy rainfall, which can make identification difficult for both humans and sharks. It is also wise to remove shiny jewelry, as its glint can resemble fish scales and attract curious sharks.
Avoid excessive splashing or making erratic movements in the water, as these actions can mimic the distress signals of injured prey. If a shark is sighted, remain calm, maintain eye contact, and slowly and smoothly retreat from the water. Do not make sudden movements or attempt to provoke the animal.