Hemorrhoids often cause itching, a common and uncomfortable symptom. These are swollen veins located in the rectum or around the anus, similar to varicose veins. They can develop internally, inside the rectum, or externally, under the skin around the anus.
Why Hemorrhoids Itch
Hemorrhoids itch due to several factors. Swollen hemorrhoidal tissue can cause inflammation of the delicate skin surrounding the anus. This inflammation irritates nerve endings, leading to an itchy sensation.
Internal hemorrhoids, when prolapsed or protruding, can sometimes leak mucus or small amounts of stool. This leakage irritates the sensitive perianal skin, causing persistent itching. The presence of swollen tissue can also make proper hygiene challenging, potentially leaving behind irritants that exacerbate the itch. Skin tags or folds can also form, trapping moisture and contributing to further irritation and itching.
How to Relieve Itching
Immediate relief from hemorrhoidal itching often involves a combination of home remedies and over-the-counter treatments. Warm sitz baths can soothe the inflamed area; soak the anal region in warm water for 15-20 minutes, two to three times daily. Applying a cold compress, such as an ice pack wrapped in a soft cloth, to the affected area for 10-15 minutes can also help reduce swelling and numb the itching sensation.
Gentle cleansing of the anal area is important, using plain water or a non-irritating, unscented wipe instead of harsh soaps or dry toilet paper. Over-the-counter creams containing hydrocortisone can reduce inflammation and itching, but use them sparingly and only for short durations. Products with witch hazel can provide a soothing, astringent effect, while those with lidocaine can temporarily numb the area, offering relief from intense itching. Incorporating fiber supplements can soften stools, making bowel movements easier and less irritating to hemorrhoids, which indirectly helps reduce itching.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many cases of hemorrhoidal itching can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant professional medical attention. If itching persists or worsens despite consistent home care and over-the-counter treatments, consult a healthcare provider. Significant pain accompanying the itching, or any noticeable bleeding, particularly bright red blood during or after bowel movements, requires evaluation.
Signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, pus, or fever, also require medical consultation. If symptoms do not show improvement within approximately one week of self-treatment, a doctor can provide a diagnosis and recommend appropriate medical interventions. Medical professionals can differentiate hemorrhoids from other conditions that cause similar symptoms, ensuring an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan.
Preventing Itching and Hemorrhoids
Long-term strategies focus on preventing the development and recurrence of hemorrhoids, thereby reducing associated itching. Increasing dietary fiber intake is a primary preventative measure, aiming for 25-30 grams daily from sources like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Adequate hydration, by drinking around eight glasses of water daily, works in conjunction with fiber to soften stools and ensure smooth bowel movements.
Regular physical activity also promotes healthy bowel function and can help prevent constipation, a common cause of hemorrhoids. Establishing healthy bathroom habits, such as avoiding prolonged sitting on the toilet, is important, as this position can increase pressure on anal veins. Responding promptly to the urge to have a bowel movement and avoiding straining during defecation are also important to preventing the development or worsening of hemorrhoids and associated itching.