Do Gums Bleed During Pregnancy? Causes & What to Do

Bleeding gums are common during pregnancy, often linked to physiological changes. Understanding these reasons can help manage the condition effectively.

Understanding Pregnancy Gingivitis

Pregnancy often brings about significant hormonal shifts, particularly increases in estrogen and progesterone, which can impact oral health. These elevated hormone levels contribute to an exaggerated inflammatory response to plaque bacteria, even to amounts that would normally cause little reaction. This heightened sensitivity makes the gums more vulnerable to inflammation and bleeding.

Alongside hormonal effects, increased blood volume and flow during pregnancy also contribute. This increased circulation extends to the gum tissues, making the small blood vessels in the gums more sensitive and prone to bleeding. The combination of hormonal changes and increased blood flow often leads to “pregnancy gingivitis,” a mild form of gum disease. This condition affects an estimated 60% to 75% of pregnant individuals. While pregnancy gingivitis can emerge at any point during gestation, it frequently becomes noticeable around the second or third month and may intensify during the second trimester, potentially peaking in the third trimester.

Recognizing Other Symptoms

Beyond bleeding, pregnant individuals might observe several other signs indicating pregnancy-related gum issues. The gums may appear noticeably redder than usual and can become swollen or puffy. This inflammation can lead to tenderness, making the gums sensitive to touch or pressure.

Some individuals also report increased gum sensitivity or discomfort, particularly when brushing or flossing. In certain cases, the gums might develop shiny surfaces.

While less common, some pregnant individuals may also experience the development of non-cancerous growths on the gums, often called “pregnancy tumors” or pyogenic granulomas, which are typically red, swollen, and bleed easily.

Effective Home Care

Maintaining consistent and gentle oral hygiene is important for managing bleeding gums during pregnancy. Brushing teeth thoroughly at least twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste helps remove plaque and reduce gum irritation. Gentle brushing techniques are advised to avoid further aggravating sensitive gum tissues.

Daily flossing is also recommended to remove food particles and plaque from between teeth and along the gumline, areas that brushing alone might miss. Even if gums bleed during flossing, continuing this practice helps to improve gum health over time.

Rinsing with an alcohol-free antimicrobial mouthwash, if suggested by a dental professional, can further aid in reducing bacteria.

For those experiencing morning sickness, rinsing the mouth with water or a solution of baking soda and water after vomiting can help neutralize stomach acids and protect tooth enamel before brushing.

When to Visit Your Dentist

Regular dental check-ups are important throughout pregnancy, not only for addressing existing concerns but also for preventive care. Dental professionals can perform cleanings to remove plaque and tartar buildup, which are primary contributors to gum inflammation. It is advisable to inform the dentist about the pregnancy, as this allows them to tailor treatment and avoid elective procedures until after delivery.

Seeking immediate dental attention is recommended if symptoms worsen, such as persistent pain, severe swelling, or other signs of infection. While mild bleeding gums are common, untreated gum disease can lead to more serious conditions like periodontitis.

Although rare, some studies suggest a link between severe gum disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including an increased risk of preterm birth or low birth weight. Addressing gum health during pregnancy contributes to overall well-being for both the pregnant individual and the baby.

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