Garter snakes are common reptiles found across North and Central America, often making their presence known in various environments, including suburban backyards and gardens. These small to medium-sized snakes are frequently encountered by humans due to their widespread distribution and adaptable nature. A common concern for many is understanding their behavior, particularly whether they strike and if their bites pose any danger. Despite their common presence, garter snakes are generally non-aggressive. This article explores their defensive actions and the actual impact of their bites.
Garter Snake Striking Behavior
Garter snakes are capable of striking as a defensive measure when threatened. Their primary instinct when confronted is usually to escape, but if they feel cornered, disturbed, or handled, they may resort to a strike. This behavior is a last resort, aimed at deterring a perceived threat rather than initiating an attack. The strike itself is typically a quick, short lunge towards the perceived threat, not an aggressive pursuit.
When alarmed, a garter snake might also coil its body, which can make it appear larger and prepare it for a more efficient strike. However, coiling does not automatically mean a strike will occur, as they often prefer to hide their head and flail their tail as a distraction. Another common defensive tactic is the release of a foul-smelling musk from glands near their cloaca, which is designed to deter predators. A snake’s body temperature can also influence its defensive responses; colder snakes might be more inclined to flatten their bodies, while warmer ones may flee or bite if escape is not possible.
Are Garter Snake Bites Harmful?
While garter snakes can bite, their bites are generally not dangerous to humans. These snakes possess a mild neurotoxic venom that helps them subdue their small prey, but this venom is not medically significant or harmful to humans. Garter snakes lack an efficient delivery system for their venom, as they do not have hollow fangs like more dangerous snakes; instead, the mild toxins are chewed into their prey from Duvernoy’s glands.
A garter snake bite typically results in small puncture wounds or minor scratches. The sensation is often described as a pinprick or slight discomfort, with minor bleeding, localized swelling, redness, or bruising at the bite site. The primary concern following any garter snake bite is the potential for bacterial infection, as bacteria from the snake’s mouth or the environment can enter the wound. Though rare, some individuals may experience mild allergic reactions to the snake’s saliva, but severe reactions like anaphylaxis are extremely uncommon. If bitten, it is important to wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water, apply an antiseptic, and monitor the wound for signs of infection such as increased redness, swelling, or pus.
Interacting Safely with Garter Snakes
When encountering a garter snake, observe it from a distance and give it ample space. These snakes are shy and prefer to retreat rather than engage, so avoiding sudden movements is beneficial. Attempting to handle wild garter snakes is not recommended, as this is a common trigger for their defensive behaviors, including striking or musking.
If a garter snake is found in an undesirable location, such as inside a home, it can often be gently encouraged to move outdoors using a long stick or similar object to guide it. If direct intervention is necessary or if the snake cannot be safely relocated, contacting local wildlife services is a prudent step to ensure both the snake’s and your safety. Recognizing their role in the ecosystem as natural pest controllers, consuming slugs, insects, and rodents, fosters respect for these creatures. Their presence often indicates a healthy local environment, making them beneficial inhabitants of many landscapes.