Flying squirrels are captivating nocturnal creatures, often observed gliding between trees in wooded environments. While their aerial movements are fascinating, a common question arises regarding their potential to bite humans. Understanding their natural behavior and the circumstances under which interactions occur can clarify this concern.
Flying Squirrel Characteristics
Flying squirrels are small rodents, typically measuring between 25 to 37 centimeters (10 to 15 inches) in length, including their tail, and weighing 110 to 230 grams (approximately 4 to 8 ounces). They possess large eyes, a flat tail, and long whiskers. Their most distinctive feature is the patagium, a furry membrane of skin stretching from their wrists to their ankles, which allows them to glide gracefully from tree to tree.
These animals are naturally shy and reclusive, preferring to avoid human contact. Their diet is omnivorous, consisting of nuts, seeds, fungi, lichen, tree sap, and insects. They inhabit deciduous and coniferous forests, often nesting in tree cavities or abandoned woodpecker holes.
When Bites Occur
While generally docile, flying squirrels can bite, almost always as a defensive response. Bites commonly occur if a squirrel is cornered, trapped, or handled improperly, such as being picked up by a person. A mother squirrel will also bite if she perceives a threat to her young. Even pet flying squirrels may bite if they are not consistently handled.
Flying squirrels possess sharp incisors used for gnawing on food, and these teeth can easily puncture human skin. Although their bites are small, they can be painful. There is a risk of bacterial infection from any animal bite. Southern flying squirrels are also known carriers of the bacteria that cause typhus fever.
Concerns about rabies from flying squirrel bites are generally low, as rabies is extremely rare in squirrels and other small rodents. Bites from these animals are typically not considered a rabies risk unless the animal exhibits unusual behavior or rabies is widespread in the specific geographic area. However, any animal bite should be taken seriously and prompt medical evaluation sought.
Preventing Encounters and Managing Bites
To prevent encounters that could lead to bites, it is advisable to avoid attempting to handle wild flying squirrels. Securing your home is also an effective preventative measure. This includes sealing any small gaps or holes near the roofline, eaves, or vents with caulk or wire mesh, as these can serve as entry points. Trimming tree branches that extend close to your house can also reduce access points for wildlife. Removing outdoor food sources like unsecured garbage or bird feeders can make your property less attractive to squirrels.
If a flying squirrel bite occurs, immediate first aid is important. The wound should be thoroughly washed with soap and water. Applying an antiseptic to the area can help reduce the risk of infection. Seek medical attention if the wound is deep, shows any signs of infection, or if there are lingering concerns about potential disease transmission, even given the low risk of rabies.