“Dirt divers” is a common term for ground-nesting insects, mainly certain wasps and bees. These insects excavate burrows in the soil for their nests. This colloquial phrase includes solitary mining bees, digger wasps, and social yellow jackets.
Identifying Dirt Divers and Their Stinging Capability
Many “dirt divers” can sting, but their aggression varies. Stinging is a defensive action, usually occurring when they feel threatened or their nests are disturbed. Solitary ground bees are generally docile, rarely stinging unless handled or stepped on. Males of many species, like cicada killers and digger wasps, lack stingers and are harmless.
Social wasps like yellow jackets can be more aggressive, especially when their communal nests are agitated, and may sting repeatedly. Cicada killer wasps, up to two inches long with black and yellow or orange markings, are generally non-aggressive but will sting if provoked. Digger wasps are also typically not aggressive but may sting in defense. These insects create noticeable small soil mounds with a central hole, indicating their underground activity.
Understanding a Dirt Diver Sting
A typical sting from a ground-nesting insect often results in immediate, sharp pain and a burning sensation. This is usually followed by localized reactions such as redness, swelling, and itching. The initial pain typically subsides within a few hours, but the swelling, redness, and itching can persist for several days, sometimes up to a week. The severity of these symptoms can vary depending on the individual and the specific insect.
While most reactions are localized, some may experience a severe systemic allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Symptoms can appear rapidly, often within minutes, including widespread hives or rash, facial, lip, or throat swelling, dizziness, and a significant drop in blood pressure. Other signs include difficulty breathing, wheezing, chest tightness, abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, or loss of consciousness.
Avoiding Stings and What to Do If Stung
Preventing stings involves being mindful of dirt divers and avoiding disturbance. Wear closed-toe shoes in grassy or sandy areas where burrows might be present. Do not disturb visible ground nests, as this triggers defensive stinging. Long sleeves and pants provide a physical barrier during outdoor activities. Avoiding strong perfumes or scented products can also reduce attraction to these insects.
If a sting occurs, prompt action can help manage symptoms. If a stinger is visible, particularly from a bee, remove it quickly by scraping it away with a fingernail or credit card, avoiding tweezers which can squeeze more venom. Clean the affected area with soap and water, then apply a cold compress or ice pack to reduce swelling and pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, and antihistamines, can help alleviate discomfort and itching. For any signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or widespread swelling, seek emergency medical attention immediately.