Cardinals are a common sight in many backyards, and understanding their diet can help in attracting and supporting these birds. Cardinals are omnivores, meaning their diet includes both plant matter and animal protein. While seeds and fruits form a substantial portion of their diet, insects and other invertebrates are also a regular and important food source for them.
What Cardinals Primarily Eat
Cardinals regularly consume a variety of seeds, including popular choices like black oil sunflower and safflower seeds, which are rich in energy. Cardinals also eat seeds from various weeds and grasses, along with grains such as cracked corn. Beyond seeds, their diet includes numerous wild fruits and berries like those from dogwood, wild grape, sumac, and mulberries. These plant materials provide sustained energy throughout the year, especially during colder months when other food sources might be scarce.
The Importance of Insects and Other Proteins
Insects and other invertebrates play a crucial role in a cardinal’s diet, providing essential protein. Cardinals eat a wide range of insects, including beetles, grasshoppers, caterpillars, ants, flies, crickets, and even spiders and small snails. This animal protein becomes particularly important during the breeding season, supporting the increased energy demands of nesting and raising young. Nestlings are fed almost exclusively insects, as the high protein content is essential for their rapid growth and development.
Cardinal Feeding Behaviors
Cardinals frequently forage by hopping on the ground or within low bushes, searching for fallen seeds and insects. Their strong, thick beaks are well-suited for cracking open the shells of various seeds, allowing them to access the nutritious kernels inside. Cardinals also glean insects directly from foliage in trees and shrubs. They often prefer to feed near dense vegetation, as this provides quick cover from potential predators.
Safe Feeding Practices and Attracting Cardinals
To attract cardinals, offer preferred foods and maintain a safe environment. Black oil sunflower seeds and safflower seeds are highly favored, and providing fresh water in a birdbath can also draw them in. Platform, hopper, or tray feeders are suitable, as cardinals prefer stable surfaces to perch and eat comfortably. Placing feeders near shrubs or trees offers them a sense of security and quick escape routes.
Avoid feeding cardinals processed foods like chips or candy, as these can be harmful. Feeder hygiene prevents disease spread among birds. Regularly clean feeders with mild soap and water, ensuring food remains fresh. Additionally, minimizing the use of pesticides in the yard can help ensure a healthier supply of insects for cardinals, particularly during their breeding season.