Begonias are a widely cultivated group of ornamental plants, cherished by gardeners for their vibrant flowers and often striking foliage. With over 2,000 species, they vary greatly in form, size, and color. They bring continuous color to garden beds, containers, and hanging baskets throughout the growing season. Many people choose begonias for their visual appeal, often wondering about their role in supporting local wildlife, especially pollinators.
Begonias and Bee Attraction
Most common begonia varieties are not primary attractors of bees. They generally do not serve as a significant food source for them. This is due to several botanical characteristics that limit their value as a consistent foraging destination for bees compared to many other flowering plants.
However, some recent observations and studies suggest a more nuanced picture. Certain annual begonia cultivars, such as ‘Cocktail Brandy’ or ‘Ambassador Rose Blush’, have shown some level of visitation by pollinators. While bees may gather pollen from male begonia flowers, particularly bumblebees, these visits are often less frequent or sustained than those to other nectar and pollen-rich plants. Bees require an efficient food source, and begonias typically do not offer the consistent rewards that attract a high volume of bee traffic.
Factors Limiting Bee Attraction
The primary reasons begonias are not strong bee attractors stem from their unique floral biology and composition. Begonias are monoecious, meaning individual plants bear separate male and female flowers. Male flowers produce pollen, while female flowers have a large ovary. This separation can make pollen or nectar difficult for bees to access, especially in complex or double-flowered cultivars.
Many begonia varieties produce little to no nectar, which is a crucial energy source for bees. While some species offer pollen, its nutritional value or abundance may not be sufficient to consistently draw bees. Additionally, the structure of many begonia flowers, particularly those with multiple layers of petals or closed shapes, can physically hinder a bee’s ability to reach any available pollen or nectar. Bees typically prefer open, simple flower structures that allow for easy access to floral rewards.
Another limiting factor is the typical lack of strong fragrance in begonia flowers. Bees rely heavily on scent cues to locate food sources, and most begonia varieties do not emit the potent, inviting aromas that attract these pollinators. While a few begonia species, like Begonia odorata, possess a light fragrance, this is not a widespread characteristic across the genus. The absence of strong visual “landing pads” or clear floral guides, combined with limited scent, further reduces their appeal to foraging bees.
Boosting Bee Activity in Your Garden
Gardeners wishing to support bee populations can incorporate a variety of plants known to be excellent pollinator attractors. Planting a diverse selection of flowers ensures a continuous food supply throughout the growing season. Bees are particularly drawn to flowers in shades of purple, blue, yellow, and white, and prefer those with simple, open structures that provide easy access to pollen and nectar. Examples include bee balm, coneflowers, lavender, sunflowers, asters, and various herbs like sage and rosemary.
Grouping several plants of the same type together can make them more visible and appealing to foraging bees. Providing shallow water sources, such as a bird bath with pebbles for landing, offers essential hydration for bees. Avoiding synthetic pesticides is important, as these chemicals can harm bee populations. Opting for natural pest control methods helps maintain a healthy environment for pollinators.
Creating diverse habitats by allowing some undisturbed areas in the garden, such as log piles or patches of bare soil, can offer nesting sites for various bee species. Selecting a mix of plants that bloom at different times, from early spring through late autumn, provides a consistent food source. This comprehensive approach helps create a garden that actively supports local bee populations, contributing to their health and the overall ecosystem.